Test 2

Question 1

SSD treatment

Answer 1

-blood transfusion
-IV fluid while in VOC
-antibotic to treat infection
-oxygen for acute chest syndrome and to decrease rate of sickling
-oral med

Question 2

Oral Med for SSD

Answer 2

hydroxyurea: anticancer drug; 2 years and older

improve anemia symptoms

ease dactylitis (finger swelling) which cause painful swelling

L-glutamin therapy: help sickled cell from becoming misshape; 5 years and older

crizanlizumab-tmca: 16 years and older; reduce how often VOC and acute pain crisis happen

Question 3

spleenic sequestration

Answer 3

spleen get larger and at risk for rupture due to cell clogging speen

do not massage or palpate abd

be aert for increasing abd pain followed by immediate release not related to med admin or pain in abd that is not relieved by med

Question 4

SSD associated problems

Answer 4

stroke
BEFAST (balance/behavior, eyes, face, arms, speecj. time, terrible headache)

leg ulcers
priapism
CKD
pulmonary hypertension
detached retina (floaters, dark shadows or blurry vision with or without eye pain

Question 5

acute chest syndrome

Answer 5

congestion in chest
fever
cough
trouble breathing

sickle cell clump and clog blood vessel in lungs

most common complication of sickle cell anemia

Question 6

VOC

Answer 6

acute pain crisis

sudden intense sharp stabbing aching pain

affects any body parts
most common: abd, low back, arms, and legs

relieved with opioid pain meds

caused by altitude, stress, extreme cold

Question 7

SSD symptoms

Answer 7

extreme tireness or fussiness

painfully swollen hands/feet

jaundice

spleen damage that affect immunity

increase risk for stroke, lung, kidney, spleen, and liver damage

Question 8

what ethnicity does SSD affect

Answer 8

southern european

middle eastern

asian-indian ancestry

Question 9

sickle cell disease

Answer 9

a form of inherited sickle cell blood d/o

change RBC shape (half-moon)
-stickly sickle cell that blood blood flow

life expectancy into 40s and 50s

painful when crisis occur

Question 10

non hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 10

occur in B and T cells (fight foreign invaders, abnormal cells)

treatment similar to that of leukemia

Question 11

hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 11

AKA hodgkin disease

CA that start in lymphocytes not precursor cells

B lymphocytes (Reed-Steinberg cells) involve that destroy bacteria and viruses

-found in neck lymph glands
-glands swell
-popcorn cells slow growing

Question 12

lymphoma

Answer 12

cancer that starts in cells that are part of the body and immune system

Question 13

leukemia hormone therapy

Answer 13

corticosteroid hormone:
-hydrocortisone
-methylprednisone

used along with chemotherapy

decrease inflammatory systemically due to cell destructions

Question 14

stem cell/bone marrow transplant

Answer 14

very common for leukemia

watch for bleeding

check site

s/s infection and bleeding

pressured dressing

painful procedure
-done on iliac crest

Question 15

leukemia risk factors

Answer 15

exposure to ionizing radiation

viral infection

exposure to chemical and drugs

genetic factors

immunity factors

Question 16

Leukemia: immunotherapy

Answer 16

uses person’s immune system to kill CA

“mab”, interferons

Question 17

leukemia: targeted therapy

Answer 17

drugs target specific genes or proteins that contributes to cancer cell growth

tyrosine kinases inhibitor (TKI)
-genetic therapy
-avoid grapefruit/juice
-take contraceptive (terogenic)

Question 18

leukemia: radiation

Answer 18

ot usually used unless mestastasis to brain or spinal cord/CSF

Question 19

leukemia: chemotherapy

Answer 19

either IV or oral admin

destroys helpul and systemwide cells in addition to cancer cells

Question 20

leukemia: surgery

Answer 20

does not treat leukemia

may have splenectomy as spleen may become clogged

port central venous access device often placed surgically to accommodate chemo tx and need for possible atb therapy/blood tranfusion

Question 21

chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)

Answer 21

starts in blood forming cells of the bone marrow and invades the blood

mainly older adults

Question 22

definite test for leukemia and MDS

Answer 22

bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

chromosone analysis
-help diagnose type of leukemia
-predict prognosis
-determine therapy effectiveness

Question 23

factors that lead to leukemia

Answer 23

type of WBC affected

age

gender

race

geographic locale

Question 24

leukemia patients should avoid

Answer 24

smoking/quit

maintain healthy body weight

avoid contact with benzene or formaldehyde

avoid exposure to pesticide

Question 25

genetic factors for AML

Answer 25

down syndrome fanconi anemia kleinfelter syndrome

Question 26

chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Answer 26

start in blood forming cells of bone marrow and invades blood 15% of leukemia in adult are CML

Question 27

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer 27

starts in WBC in bone marrow (lymphocytes) affects older adults and accounts for about 1/3 of all leukemia average age of diagnosis 72 years

Question 28

acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Answer 28

acute non lymphocytic leukemia most common in older people age 72 at diagnosis

Question 29

acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

Answer 29

start in bone marrow most common in children pallor, lathargy, SOB, bruising decrease platelet swollen lymph nodes infection often philadelphia chromosome

Question 30

leukemia

Answer 30

cancer of WBC start in blood cell type (thrombocytes, erythrocytes...) acute (fast growing) chronic (slow growing) myeloid-bone marrow lymphoid-lymphatic system (WBC, thymus, bone marrow, lymphatic pathways/drainage system)

Question 31

5Ps

Answer 31

partners (sexually active) practice (sexual contact) protection (condom, immunization) past history (diagnosis, STI, HIV) prevention (birth control

Question 32

TasP

Answer 32

the practice of taking HIV meds to prevent sexual transmission to others who are HIV negative maintain undetectable viral load and spread given to HIV positive patient

Question 33

nPEP

Answer 33

unprotected sexual exposure exposed to someones body fluid through mucous membrane contact shared needle with someone HIV stats unknown taken within 2-72 hours

Question 34

PEP meds

Answer 34

tenofovir disoproxil fumorate emtricitabnine raltegravir or dolutegravir

Question 35

PEP

Answer 35

treatment for healthcare providers who experience occupational exposure such as a needle stick following injection washed exposed areas x 1 min (5 min) start within 72 hours or asap 2 hours continues for 28 days pretest and postest reuqired

Question 36

PrEP meds

Answer 36

cabotegravir - orally or injection tenoforvir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine - for all people tenoforvir alafenomide/emtricitabine - approved for sexually active mena nd transgender women combo drugs not used in those with Hep B-acute exacerbation when stopped HepB drug for PrEP

Question 37

PrEP

Answer 37

given to people who are HIV negative, yet at risk for HIV infection taken before sexual activity or drug injection to avoid infection when use as prescribed, PrEP reduce risk by 99%

Question 38

antibody production

Answer 38

gap in antibody production after exposure to HIV infected blood can test negative for antibody within this period--up to 3 months may take up to a year to seroconvert

Question 39

HIV and blood donation

Answer 39

cannot donate if tested positive for HIV at any time inject anything not prescribed mates who had sexual contact with other males taken money, durgs, other payment for sex sexual contact with anyone who engages with any of the above activity

Question 40

prevention of pereteral transmission

Answer 40

syringe service program (SSP) give infor about -access to PrEP -recognize and responnd to drug overdose -obtain naloxone in overdose

Question 41

HIV: practices

Answer 41

latex gloves or polyurethane condom water based lube latex barrier: dental dam latex gloves -change gloves when changing sites

Question 42

HIV: longterm nonprogressor

Answer 42

small population who do not progress, despite hiV infection maintain long-term CD4-T-cell count WNL and stay healthy despite not taking meds

Question 43

HIV: Opportunistic infection

Answer 43

candidiasis cryptococcosis cytomegalovirus mycobacterium avium complex pneumonocytic jirovecci pneumonia toxoplasmosis TB karposi sarcoma nonhodgkin lymphoma invasive cervical cancer

Question 44

HIV stage 3: AIDS

Answer 44

final and most serious stage profound decrease immunity with poor protection against infection increase risk for cancer development diganosis required CD4 + T-cell cont <200 and OI (800-1000)

Question 45

HIV Stage 2: chronic infection

Answer 45

when most care sought out seroconversion taken place meds help to suppress viral load, slow progression, and preserve immune function

Question 46

HIV RNA quantification laboratory test

Answer 46

test viral load more accurate than any in determining course of disorder very effective test for CD4 + t-cell count diagnosis stage 3 later in course of disease provide basis for prognosis, disease progression, response to antiviral treatment

Question 47

factors that affect HIV progression rate

Answer 47

health status single/multi exposure stress nutrition access to care adherence to drug therapy

Question 48

HIV Stage 1: acute stage

Answer 48

symtpoms occur within 4 weeks SX: fever, chill, sore throat, rash, night sweat, headache high viral load in genitalia and transmission possible symptoms multiply rapidly symptoms may go away and patient feels better