1
Q
symptoms of hepatitis
A
- weight loss
- nausea
- vomiting
- RUQ pain
- cirrhosis: jaundice, ascites, encephalopathy
2
Q
hepatitis investigations
A
- history and examination
- tox screen
- bloods: FBC, LFTs, viral serology, autoantibodies
- liver biopsy - gold standard for staging and grading
3
Q
what is the expected AST:ALT ratio in alcoholic hepatitis?
A
2:1
4
Q
an ALT > 1000 is an indicator for which types of hepatitis?
A
- viral hepatitis
- drug-induced
- autoimmune
5
Q
what does a positive HBcAb IgM indicate?
A
acute HBV infection
6
Q
what does a positive anti-HBs indicate?
A
vaccination to HBV or cleared HBV infection
7
Q
what does a positive HBsAg indicate?
A
acute or chronic infection
8
Q
what does amuch larger ALT to ALP indicate?
A
hepatocellular injury
9
Q
what does a larger ALP to ALT indicate?
A
cholestasis
10
Q
AST > ALP is associated with?
A
cirrhosis and acute alcoholic hepatitis
11
Q
ALT > AST is associated with?
A
chronic liver disease
12
Q
what does a raised GGT indicate and what are causes for this?
A
- indicated bile flow obstruction (cholestasis)
- main cause is alcohol
