How does a Vagotomy Effect Hunger Hormones?
Inhibits production of Ghrelin .. similar to Sleeve Gastrectomy
How many GI hormones are Orexigenic vs Anorexigenic?
OREX: (1) Ghrelin only
ANOREX: (8)
GI - CCK, GIP, GLP-1, OXM, PYY
PANC - Amylin, Insulin
FAT - Leptin
What Receptors do OXM bind to?
GLP-1
Where is Adiptonectin Produced? How is it related to weight fluctuations, body comp, and inflammation/insulin?
Adiponectin is exclusively produced in the white adipose tissue; it is the most abundantly produced and secreted hormone from this tissue. Its levels increase in the setting of lower weight and decrease in the context of high body fat composition. Also, adiponectin levels are strongly inversely related to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
Where is Adiponectin Produced?
Exlusively in WAT
What hormone is the most abundantly produced and secreted by WAT?
Adiponectin
Adiponectin’s relationship to Weight, Body Fat, Inflammation and Insulin?
Increase in lower weight
Decrease in high body fat.
Inverse relationship to Insulin and Systemic Inflammation
Where Does Amylin Come from, and what is it co-secreted with?
Beta Cells, Insulin (increased in T2DM, but less effective due to resistance)
Amylin Functions
- Anti-Appetite, Delayed Gastric Emptying, Anti-Glucagon, Pro-Insulin
What’s Amylins Medication Name?
Pramlintide - used to treat T1 and T2 diabetes
Which Hormones are most effected by Gastric Bypass vs Sleeve Gastrectomy?
GB:
GLP-1 increases (both basal and post-prandial) activating POMC/CART
SG:
- Ghrelin decreases
- PYY Increases (deactivating NYP/AgRP)
PCOS Hormone Abnormalities (Before/After Tx). SHBG, LH, DHEA-S, Free T
PCOS (Before)
- SHBG low
- DHEA-S (normal or mild high)
- Free-T (high)
- LH (high)
PCOS (After)
- SHBG Increases
- Everything else decreases/normalizes
What are the two long-acting adiposity signaling hormones
Leptin and insulin
Where are GLP-1 Receptors Found In Greatest Abundance?
GLP-1 receptors are widely distributed across various organs, however, the greatest density of GLP-1 receptors is found in the pancreatic islet β-cells, where GLP-1 exerts its primary glycemic effect by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon.
