At the most basic level, what does a computer do?
Takes input → processes it → produces output.
What does “input” mean?
Information given to the computer (typing, clicking, camera, mic, sensors).
What does “processing” mean?
The computer working on or calculating the input.
What does “output” mean?
The results the computer gives back (sounds, visuals, data, actions).
What is binary?
A number system computers use that only has 2 digits: 0 and 1.
Why do computers use 0s and 1s?
Because hardware works with electrical signals that can be ON (1) or OFF (0).
What is a bit?
A single 0 or 1, the smallest unit of data.
What is a byte?
8 bits grouped together.
About how many bytes are in one kilobyte (KB)?
1,000 bytes (technically 1,024 in computing).
About how many bytes are in one megabyte (MB)?
1,000,000 bytes
About how many bytes are in one gigabyte (GB)?
1,000,000,000 bytes.
How are text and images stored on a computer if everything is 0s and 1s?
They are encoded into binary using standardized formats.
What is the “code” a CPU actually understands?
Machine code (binary instructions).
Can humans realistically write machine code directly?
Technically yes, but it’s extremely difficult and inefficient.
What are high-level programming languages?
Languages designed to be readable by humans (Python, Java, etc).
Does a computer understand high-level languages directly?
No, they must be translated into machine code.
What translates code before running the entire program at once?
A compiler.
What translates and runs code line by line?
An interpreter.
Is Python compiled or interpreted?
Interpreted (technically a mix under the hood, but functions like an interpreted language).
Give an example of a compiled language.
C, C++, Rust.
What’s an advantage of compiled languages?
Usually faster performance.
What’s an advantage of interpreted languages?
Easier to test and debug, beginner-friendly.
What does abstraction mean in computing?
Hiding complex details so humans can work at a simpler level.
High-level languages are an example of what concept?
Abstraction.
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Digital Literacy & Devices29
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How Computers Actually Work24
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The Internet & Networking24
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Cybersecurity & Digital Safety24
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Tech Vocabulary26
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Programming Fundamentals25
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Thinking Like a Programmer20
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Intro to Python25
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Web & Apps Basics23
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Data & Databases (Beginner level)23
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Computer Science Concepts32
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Tools & Engineering Culture29
