how do they work

Question 1

sympathetic neurotransmitters

& key transmitters

Answer 1

• adrenaline
• noradrenaline
• catecholamines

key transmitters:

• alpha 1 & alpha 2
• beta 1, beta 2 & beta 3

these transmitters are activated by the neurotransmitters

Question 2

parasympathetic neurotransmitters

& key transmitters

Answer 2

• acetylcholine
• cholinomimetics

Key transmitters:

• nicotinic receptors
• muscarinic receptors

both activated by the neurotransmitters

Question 3

How the sympathetic transmitters work according to the tissue

Answer 3

• alpha 1: constriction of vascular smooth muscle & contracts papillary muscle
  e. g can be used for resuscitation
• alpha 2: inhibits transmitter release and insulin release
  e. g can be used for urinary incontinence
• beta 1: stimulates the rate/force of the heart
  e. g can be used for heart failure
• beta 2: resp & vascular relaxation, also uterine relaxation
  e. g can be used for asthma

Question 4

important notes of sympathetic meds

Answer 4

• the most commonly used are beta 1
• Beta 1 will affect other receptors, including Beta 2, therefore side effects that can result from Beta 2 can also be seen in animals being treated with Beta 1

Question 5

common side effects of sympathetic meds

Answer 5

• tachycardia
• bradycardia
• AV block
• resp effects
• sedation

Question 6

Acetylcholine esterases inhibitors (AchEIs)

Answer 6

• three major classes: quaternary alcohols, carbamates & phosphoric acid esters
• included in rodenticides and insecticides
• TOXIC to animals, will cause CNS stimulation, excitation of skeletal muscle