Explain Phenomenolgy
Answers the question: “What is it like to have a certain experience?”
* “essence” of an experience or phenomenon.
Explain Ethnology
- interpret a culture or its subgroups.
- what and why
• This method involves observation and note taking.
Grounded Theory
• explore social processes
• Data collection and analysis occur simultaneously. Analysis includes constant comparison and systematic
coding. Theoretical sampling guides further data collection to explore the emerging theory.
• Analysis leads to identification of the core social processes and development of an explanatory theory based on the data.
Explain Narrative inquiry
- Life-story research
* Purpose – to understand meaning individuals give to experiences
Action research
Aims to change something through systematic cycles of action & reflection (plan, act, observe, reflect)
• Pursues action (or change) and research (or understanding) with local stakeholder involvement
Explain Pragmatism & generic qualitative inquiry
- stay close to the data and to the surface of the words and events
- combination of sampling, data collection, analysis, and representation techniques
- Method of choice for wanting straight phenomena descriptions
Data collection methods:
- Interviews - audiotaped
- Means: Face-to-face, telephone, Skype
- Style: Semi-structured, unstructured, structured
- Number interviewed: Individual, focus group (see Porter, 2008) - Naturalistic Observation
- Participant or non-participant - Physical and Virtual Documentary Sources
- Books, on-line websites, policy documents, graphics, artefacts
Adv and Dis Face to Face
Ad Develop rapport better readily collect supporting data eg facial expression and body language Can note the participants’ context
Dis
- quiet , accessible space
- Booking and fees
- Increase resource demand for travel
A & D Telephone
Ad Convenience Flexibility increases numbers of participants Ic. geographical range of recruitment
Dis -development of rapport dec. -miss the faceto- face cues and responses -recording can be problematic and Unethical -interstate and overseas connections vary in quality, and calls can be costly for interviews 30-60 minutes
Ad and dis Skype
Ad Free reduced time and cost of travel participant can relax in own space
Dis
- connections quality vary (e.g.,
- may not see face clearly); interruption can occur.
Style of interview
- Semi
• Open-ended questions with prompts for the interviewer
• Allows both structure and flexibility in exploring complex questions
Participant centered
Style of interview
- Unstructured
- Allows Participants to discuss personal issues of importance
- Useful when know little and don’t want to influence with personal views
- minimal open ended questions
- improtu questions with focus on desired topic
Style of interview
- Structured
Each participant is asked the same set of predetermined questions in the same way
• Useful for comparing answers from different participants
