Human Breathing

Question 1

Pharynx

Answer 1

The throat

Question 2

Larynx

Answer 2

The voice box

Question 3

Function of the nose and why it does it

Answer 3

Filters, moistens and warms the air

This makes it easier to pass into the bloodstream

Question 4

Function of epiglottis

Answer 4

Closes over trachea when swallowing

Question 5

Function of larynx

Answer 5

Has two vocal chords that vibrate to make sound

Question 6

What is the trachea made up of

Answer 6

Muscle, elastic fibres and c shaped cartilage rings

Question 7

What is the purpose of the cartilage in the trachea

Answer 7

Prevents tubes closing

Question 8

What happens to bronchioles during an asthma attack

Answer 8

They narrow

Question 9

How do the lungs fight infection

Answer 9

All tubes are lined with mucus and cilia.
The mucus traps small particles and the cilia create an upward current that moves mucus up and past the epiglottis, down into the stomach.

Question 10

Function of the lungs

Answer 10

Gas exchange

Question 11

What encloses each lung

Answer 11

A pair of pleural membranes

Question 12

What is a pleural cavity and what does it contain

Answer 12

The gap between two pleura, contains liquid to lubricate membranes and reduce friction when breathing

Question 13

Four adaptations of the alveoli

Answer 13

Huge surface area
Thin walled
Moist surfaces
Enclosed in a blood capillary network

Question 14

How do C02 and water go from body cells to the lungs

Answer 14

1. Pass out of blood cells into blood plasma by diffusion: cytoplasm has a higher concentration of co2 and water than blood plasma
2. C02 and water move into alveoli from plasma by diffusion

Question 15

How does oxygen travel from lungs to body cells

Answer 15

1. Diffuses into the blood
2. Joins with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin.
3. Diffuses into body cells ( which have a lower oxygen concentration)

Question 16

How many times does an adult at rest breathe per minute

Answer 16

12-16

Question 17

What controls breathing

Answer 17

Brain

Question 18

Describe the mechanism of inhalation

Answer 18

1. Message from brain to intercostals
2. Use ATP to contract
3. Ribs pulled up and out, diaphragm curves down
4. Volume in thoracic cavity increases and pressure decreases
5. External air pressure is higher so air is forced into the lungs.

Question 19

Describe the process of exhalation

Answer 19

1. Intercostals and diaphragm relax
2. Ribs move down and diaphragm curves up
3. Volume of thoracic cavity decreases and pressure increases
4. External pressure lower so air forced out of the lungs

Question 20

Effect of exercise on breathing

Answer 20

Increased level of breathing
Exhalation becomes and active process
Extra muscles used to increase the depth of breathing

Question 21

Symptoms of asthma

Answer 21

Wheezy breathing

Question 22

Causes of asthma

Answer 22

Allergens or stress

Question 23

Prevention and treatment of asthma

Answer 23

Avoiding allergens and bronchodilators