What is a hydronic heating system?
A system that uses heated water to transfer heat through piping to heat exchangers or emitters.
What is the main heat source in hydronic systems?
Boilers or heat exchangers.
What temperature range is typical for hydronic heating water?
Typically 140°F to 180°F (60°C to 82°C).
What are common hydronic heat emitters?
Radiators, convectors, fan coils, and radiant floor tubing.
What is the function of a circulation pump?
To move heated water through the system.
What piping materials are commonly used in hydronic systems?
Copper, steel, PEX, and stainless steel.
What is a closed-loop hydronic system?
A sealed system where water recirculates without exposure to air.
What is an expansion tank used for?
To absorb thermal expansion of water.
What type of expansion tank is most common today?
Diaphragm or bladder-type expansion tank.
What is system head pressure?
The resistance the pump must overcome to circulate water.
What is primary–secondary piping?
A design that hydraulically separates boiler flow from system flow.
What is a hydraulic separator?
A device that separates flow and removes air and dirt.
Why is air elimination critical in hydronic systems?
Air causes noise, corrosion, and poor heat transfer.
What is a balancing valve?
A valve used to regulate flow rates in hydronic circuits.
What is a zone in a hydronic system?
An independently controlled heating area.
What controls zone operation?
Zone valves or circulator pumps.
What is a mixing valve used for?
To reduce supply water temperature to safe levels.
What is radiant floor heating?
Low-temperature hydronic heating embedded in floors.
What safety device protects hydronic systems from overpressure?
Pressure relief valve.
What is typical hydronic system pressure when cold?
Approximately 12 psi in low-rise buildings.
What happens if a hydronic system is under-pressurized?
Air entry and poor circulation.
What is a boiler bypass?
A piping arrangement to maintain minimum boiler temperature.
What is short-cycling in boilers?
Frequent on/off operation due to improper sizing or flow.
What is glycol used for in hydronic systems?
Freeze protection in cold environments.
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Section One Pipe Data30
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Section Two Tubing Data33
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Section Three Valves41
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Section Four Fittings43
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Section Five Gasketed Joints39
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Section Six Pipe Offsets40
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Section Seven Trigonometry42
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Section Eight Pipe Layout37
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Section Nine Piping Prints39
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Section Ten Pipe Welding42
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Section Eleven Rigging40
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Section Twelve Appendices33
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Hangers And Supports16
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Steam Traps29
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Condensate Systems26
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Steam System Fundamentals29
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Geothermal Systems25
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Solar Water Systems25
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Governing Codes26
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Hydronic Systems25
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Troubleshooting Systems45
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Compressed Air Systems25
