Hydrospheric Features

Question 1

Processes

Answer 1

1. Hydraulic Action
2. Abrasion
3. Solution

Question 2

Hydraulic Action

Answer 2

• When water compresses air into the riverbank
• Causing material to be dislodged

Question 3

Abrasion

Answer 3

• When the force of the water throws bedload
• Against the banks, causing erosion

Question 4

Solution

Answer 4

• When soluble rocks
• React with acids in the water

Question 5

Erosional Features

Answer 5

1. V-Shaped Valley
2. Waterfall

Question 6

Bedload

Answer 6

Sediment floating in the water that wears away at the banks

Question 7

V-shaped Valley

Answer 7

• Vertical erosion cuts downwards into the valley
• Valley sides are widened & steepened by frostshattering
• When gravity pulls loose material into the river
• This adds to the river’s erosiveness
• When winding round harder rock, Interlocking Spurs may form

Question 8

Waterfall

Answer 8

• Differential erosion - softer rock erodes faster
• Over bands of softer rock
• Undercutting caused overhang
• Overhang collapses into the plugepool due to gravity
• Plungepool can be deepened by collapsing material
• Waterfall erodes & retreats upstream

Question 9

Depositional Features

Answer 9

• Meander
• Oxbow lake

Question 10

Meander

Answer 10

• Riffles & Pools lead to changes in speed & depth in the riverchannel
• Pools = deeper water
• Riffles = shallower & more turbulent
• River flows faster on outside bend, increasing erosiveness
• River flows slower on inside bend, increasing deposition
• This causes beaches & cliffs to form
• Meanders will migrate downstream as erosion continues