Define Impairment:
Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function, which might result from disease, accident, genetic or other environmental agents.
Define Disability:
Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or the range considered normal for a human being.
Define Handicap:
A disadvantage or circumstance for a given individual that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for that individual (often associated with environmental factors).
What is the ICF?
- a universal, integrative, and interactive approach to functioning, disability and health.
- a global model that provides classifications of health and functioning while allowing for a holistic approach to wellbeing.
The ICF looks at ‘disability’ from (3) perspectives:
1) One’s Body (Body Function & Structure)
2) The Individual (Activities & Participation)
3) Societal (Environmental Factors)
Explain ICF’s Perspective #1:
One’s Body
1) Body Function (formerly disease):
- Physiological and psychological functions of the body systems
2) Body Structure (formally Impairment):
- Anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components
- can be temporary, permanent, progressive, regressive or static.
Explain ICF’s Perspective #2:
The Individual
1) Activities and Participation (formerly Disability):
> activity - execution of a task or action
> Participation - involvement in a life situation
> Activity Limitations - difficulties an individual may have in executing activities
> Participation Restrictions - problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations.
Explain ICF’s Perspective #3:
Societal (formerly Handicap)
- organized into (2) different levels
1) Individual - what must be done in the individual’s immediate environment to assist with the disability (home, work, school).
2) Societal - What must be done in the individuals external environment to assist with the disability (transportation, policies, attitudes, government agencies)
How does the ICF change how we view Disability? (4)
1) The ICF acknowledges that *every human being can experience a decrement in health and thereby experience some degree of disability.
2) It shifts the focus of disability from cause to *impact.
3) Takes into account the social aspects of a disability and does not see disability only as a ‘medical’ or ‘biological’ dysfunction.
4) Also considers environmental factors and how the environment affects the person’s functioning.
The ICF is a ________ Model.
Biopsychosocial Model: an interdisciplinary approach that examines how biological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors influence a disability or disease.
How is the ICF used? (4)
1) Health & Disability Reporting
- measure health status of countries
- used to teach others how to report on health and disability
2) Clinical & Epidemiological Use
- functional status assessment, goal setting & treatment
3) Social policy
- anti-discrimination law, disability evaluation
4) Research
- impact, intervention, application
