What are some internal barriers to Inclusion? (3)
1) lack of physical ability
2) lack of time
3) lack of motivation
What are some external barriers to inclusion? (3)
1) architectural accessibility
2) discriminatory policies
3) costs
What are the (9) steps of the Inclusion Process?
1) Obtain information
2) Identify support
3) Define safety concerns*
4) Assess skill
5) Set realistic objectives
6) Individualized plan
7) Select Activities
8) Make Modifications*
9) Implement & Evaluate
The Inclusion Process:
Step 1 >
- Obtain Information
Gather Information about:
- the participant (age, skill level, interests, goals, etc.)
- Participant’s behaviour/attitude
- Nature of disability
- venue/environment in which the activity will take place
- requirements of the activity (equipment, cost, etc)
The Inclusion Process:
Step 2 >
- Identify Support
Identify persons who currently support and/or those who can provide support in the future
- recognize and respect when no support is needed*
The Inclusion Process:
Step 3 >
- Define Safety*
Safety considerations for:
- Participant
- Personal safety of all participants
- understand disability or medical condition as it relates to participation in the activity
- Equipment
- Require/Provide protective equipment if necessary
- Ensure equipment and assistive devices are in good condition and proper working order.
- Environment
- Set up/structure the environment to ensure safety
- be aware of temperature issues (both weather related and water temperature)
- familiarize participants with the environment
- Instructor
- use clear, concise instructions
- have a clear stop signal, and utilize it.
The Inclusion Process:
Step 4 >
- Assess Skill
- Assessment is the cornerstone of appropriate program implementation and evaluation
The Inclusion Process:
Step 5 >
- Set Realistic Objectives
- Objectives are the stepping stones to the ultimate goal and provide the framework for reaching that goal.
- Objectives are SMART:
- -[S]pecific
- -[M]easurable
- -[A]ttainable
- -[R]ealistic
- -[T]imely
The Inclusion Process:
Step 6 >
- Individualized plan
- Individualized programming is key to Inclusion as everyone has a different set of interests, goals, capabilities.
The Inclusion Process:
Step 7 >
- Select Activities
- choose activities appropriate for the interests, age, and capabilities of the participants.
The Inclusion Process:
Step 8 >
- Make Modifications*
- Modifications are based on individual needs and strengths, and are made when needed to ensure proper progress and development.
Modification Categories:
- Participants
- participant pairing or separating
- Activity
- modify rules or skill level required (ex. soccer skill level modifications: roll ball instead of kicking, or striking the ball with hockey stick rather than foot; soccer rule modifications: no direct challenge when ball comes within 2 meters of player, take away defence in order to decrease the challenge and feeling of competitiveness, players must pass to everyone before scoring a goal)
- cooperation vs competitiveness
- inclusion vs elimination
- Environment
- site selection such as surface of playing area
- size of play area/boundaries
- decrease distractions
- Equipment & Methods of Instruction
- size, shape, weight, colour etc
- this can help with speed, distance, timing, accuracy, etc.
- use large targets, move targets closer, etc.
The Inclusions Process:
Step 9 >
- Implement and Evaluate
- Be present and observe
