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Question 1

What process creates genetic variation by determining which sperm reaches the egg first?

Answer 1

Fertilization

Each sperm and egg is genetically different, leading to variety.

Question 2

How does independent assortment contribute to genetic variation?

Answer 2

Random placement of 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes are pulled apart randomly during cell division.

Question 3

What is the role of crossing over in genetic variation?

Answer 3

Exchange of DNA between duplicated paternal and maternal chromosome arms

This process occurs during meiosis.

Question 4

What does Checkpoint G1 check for in the cell cycle?

Answer 4

• Cell size
• Nutrient availability

Ensures conditions are right for cell division.

Question 5

What does Checkpoint G2 assess before cell division?

Answer 5

• Cell size
• Proper DNA replication

Ensures the cell is ready for mitosis.

Question 6

What is checked at the checkpoint in metaphase?

Answer 6

Chromosomal attachment to the microtubules

Ensures chromosomes are properly aligned for separation.