What are the two types of approach briefing styles?
AMORTES and Briefing Strip
What does AMORTES stand for?
- Approach Plate
- Minimums
- Overshoot
- Radios
- Timings
- Emergencies
- Switches
What is the IFR minimum equipment per the RFM?
- AFCS operating in ATT mode (pitch, roll, and yaw)
- 2 x inverters (w/ inverter switching operational)
- 2 x DC generators
- Standby ADI w/ emergency battery
- Copilot instrument and controls
- Cyclic force trim
- Nav and Comms as per regulations
What are take-off obstacle clearance requirements?
- 35’ AAE end of runway
- 200 ft/NM climb gradient
- 400’ AAE before turning
What is take-off governed by and what are the minimums?
- Visibility
- 1/2 CAP but not less than 1/4 SM or SPEC VIS of 1 SM
What is the priority order of the sources for the take-off visibility minimum requirement?
- RVR
- METAR
- Tower
- Pilot
What is approach governed by and what are the minimums?
- RVR
- 1,200’ for heli if RVR exists
What is landing governed by and what are the minimums?
- DH, DA, or MDA
- Pavement, white markings, lights associated w/ RWY or approach
What is alternate minima governed by and what are the minima?
- Ceiling and visibility
- TAF: 200’ above minima for landing, visibility >= 1SM but never < min vis for approach
- GFA: any cloud >= 1,000’ above lowest HAT/HAA, Visibility >= 3SM, no CB
- No IFR: weather >= 500’ above min. IFR altitude for VFR
- > 100 NM for two GPS-based approaches
Alternate not mandatory per CARS 723.31
What are the altitudes for the designated mountainous regions in Canada?
- 1,000’
- 1,500’
- 2,000’
What are the effects of non-standard pressure on an altimeter?
Flying High (warm) to Low (cold), Look out Below!
What instrument error can occur if the pitot is blocked?
Airspeed increase in climb and decrease in descent
What instrument errors can occur if the static port is blocked?
- Airspeed decrease in climb - increase in descent
- Altimeter freeze
- VSI = 0
What can happen to the ADI with a rapid change of speed due to acceleration?
It can give an erroneous pitch up indication
What is a compass acceleration error?
Deflection N or S when speeding up / slowing down going E or W
* Accelerate
* North
* Decelerate
* South
What is a compass turning dip error?
When turning to N or S heading, must undershoot or overshoot due to magnetic dip
* Undershoot
* North
* Overshoot
* South
How are AGL and ASL used in the ICAO Cold Temperature Error Table?
Calculate with AGL and apply to ASL
What are the 6 “T”s for a hold?
- Turn: outbound heading
- Time: outbound heading or abeam station to achive 1 min. inbound
- Throttle
- Tune
- Track: to set up OBS
- Talk: “entering the hold” or “hold established”
What are the entry options for a standard hold?
- Direct: Right to outbound
- Offset: Outbound - 30°
- Parallel: L to Outbound then L, R
All turns to the right
What are the entry options for a non-standard hold?
Direct: Left to outbound
Offset: Outbound + 30°
Parallel: R to Outbound then R, L
All turns to the left
What is the communication to tower when entering a hold?
- “[Station] this is [registration] ready for hold information”
- “Proceed direct to [nav point] - maintain [altitude] - hold on an inbound track of [n]° - expect further clearance at [time] Z”
- “[Station] this is [registration]. We have reached our EFC time. Do we have clearance to continue to [destination]?”
What is the communication to FO when entering a hold?
- “Continue direct to [station]”
- “At station passage we will turn to an outbound heading of [n]°”
- “We will fly outbound for 1 min.”
- “At end of 1 min. we will turn and intercept [n]° track inbound”
- “All turns right”
What are the fuel requirements for an IFR flight?
- Destination
- Missed approach
- Alternate
- 30 minutes
What are the requirements for a no alternate IFR flight?
- COM provides guidance
- Flight operated as Type C Operational Control System
- Ops needs to be aware and have current weather
- PIC aware of diversionary aerodromes
- Weather at arrival and 1 hour after:
1. 1,000’ ceiling HAA or 400’ above lowest applicable approach minima, whichever is higher
2. Visibility >= 2 SM
