IHD

Question 1

What are the types of heart disease?

Answer 1

Ishecmic
hypertensive
myocardial
valvular
congenital
pericardial

Question 2

Describe hypertensive heart disease

Answer 2

disorder of intra arterial pressure
-longer duration, higher pressure, greater damage to target organs

Question 3

Describe the endothelium

Answer 3

-vascular physiology produces vasoactive agents, anti inflammatory and anti thrombotic substances
-NO - EDRF - penertrates endothelium and activates SM causing vasodilation
-circulating leukocytes resist inflammatory response
-blood comes into contact with antithrombotic released from endothelium so blood does not clot

Question 4

What is possiellles law?

Answer 4

volume of blood flow = pressurex (vessel radius)4/ vessel length x viscosity

Question 5

WWhat is LDL?

Answer 5

high leverls associated with increased arterial disease, carries cholestrol fro,m liver to cells causes a harmful build up if there is too much for the cells to use

Question 6

What is HDL?

Answer 6

high levels associated with reduced arterial disease, takes cholestrol from the cells back to liver

Question 7

Define coronary perfusion pressure

Answer 7

refers to the pressure gradient that drives coronary blood pressure, meaning the difference between the diastolic aortic pressure and the RA diastolic pressure

Question 8

Describe an MI timescale at cellular level

Answer 8

-onset of ATP depletion in seconds
-loss of contractility within 2 mins
-ATP reduced 50% of normal in 10 mins
-ATP reduced to 10% of normal in 40 mins
-Irreversible cell injury in 20-40 mins
-microvascular injury less than 1 hour

Question 9

What factors influence the significance og the coronary lesion?

Answer 9

-site
-coronary dominance
-presence of collaterals
-number of vessesl affected
-lesion morphology/length of lesion/degree of obstruction
-stability of fibrous cap

Question 10

Describe printzmetals anginal pain

Answer 10

-at rest
-caused by coronary spasms
-can occur at normal coronaries or sites with atheromous plaque