Normal exercise physiology

Question 1

What happens to circulation with static cycling?

Answer 1

-lower body contribution,decreases blood to GI tract and digestive system

-increase in oxy blood to working muscles, steady supply to brain

-increase in HR and contractility, respiratory rate
-increase in tidal volume

-linked to cardiac vascular changes, impacts venous return - controlling blood supply to organs

Question 2

What components are involved in the systemic response to activity?

Answer 2

muscles - o2 conc and c02 prod
circulation - pulmonary and systemic
ventilation - inspired and expired

Question 3

What systems are involved in exercise physiology?

Answer 3

-heart
-lungs
-musculoskeletal
-ANS

-maintaining optimum gas exchange and perfusion at the same time

Question 4

What is the importance of the autonomic nervous system in exercise physiology?

Answer 4

-anticipation of exercise
-increase HR
-decrease vagal influence ( fight or flight)
-increase HR proportional to level of exercise

Question 5

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 5

cardiac output = SV x HR

Question 6

Describe the changes in body systems in response to exercise

Answer 6

-decrease in resistance to increase blood flow
-venous return needed
-skeletal muscle pumps
-hormones release noradrenaline into plasma
-renin- BP control, forms angiotensin 2 - powerful vasoconstrictor
-rate and depth of breathing must adapt
-O2 diffusion occuring at alveolar level

once SV has hit its upper limit the HR has to take over the load

Question 7

List some factors that affect coronary circulation

Answer 7

-oxygen saturation
-vasodilation
-compression
-HR
-autoregulation

Question 8

Describe the changes seen by increasing cardiac output during exercise

Answer 8

-increase HR ( increase sympathetic adrenergic and decrease parasympathetic activity

-Increase SV ( increase CVP, inotropy, luistropy

Question 9

Define inotropy

Answer 9

the strength or force of contraction of the heart muscle

Question 10

define luistropy

Answer 10

the rate of myocardial relaxation, which is the process of the heart muscle returning to a relaxed state after contraction

Question 11

Describe the changes seen by increasing the MAP and pulse pressure during exercise

Answer 11

-CO increases more than SVR decreases
-increase in SV which increase pulse pressure

Question 12

What does pulse pressure consist of?

Answer 12

-HR and SBP

Question 13

Describe the change seen by increasing central venous pressure during exercise

Answer 13

-venous constriction - increase in sympathetic adrenergic activity
-muscle pump activity- venous return
-abdominothoracic pump

Question 14

Describe the change seen by decreasing systemic vascular resistance during exercise

Answer 14

-metabolic vasodilation in active muscle and heart
-cutaneous vasodilation - decrease sympathetic adrenergic activity
-vasoconstriction in splanchnic, nonactivel muscle, renal circulation and increase in sympathetic adrenergic activity

Question 15

Give some factors affect exercise?

Answer 15

-environmental ( extreme temps, altitude )
-genetics
-posture

Question 16

What units do we measure oxygen consumption with?

Answer 16

-L/min - absolute value
-ml/min/kg - correct for body weight to remove chance of error as people with different body weights require different volumes of o2 - allows for a direct comparison