Parasitism
contributers
Dx (4)
- fluke and haemonchus are main contributors in the UK to PGE
Dx: - FEC (10-12 weeks)
-coproantigen test: looks for parasite Ag - FAMACHA: targeted dosing system that compares MM colour to a scale
- local climate and seasonal distribution
Treatment of fluke
- nitoxynil
- closantel
- clorsulon
- triclabendazole
VERY toxic so dose with individual weights not average
Treatment of Haemonchus
- nitroxynil
- closantel
- copper
- levamizole, ML, moneprantel, derquantel
- vaccine: must also use anthelmintics at high risk periods
Chronic suppurative pneumonia causes (4)
- Inhalation of bacteria (fusobacterium necrophorum, acranobacterium pyogenes)
- secondary bacterial infection of comprimised lung tissye
- haematogenous spread from a septic focus
- secondary to mannheimia haemolytica
Chronic suppurative pneumonia CS (5)
- weightloss
- depression
- tachypnoea
- cough
- normal temp
Chronic suppurative pneumonia
- Dx
- Tx
- Px
dx: US for pleural abscess, auscultate
tx: ABs that concentrate in abscesses
Px: vaccinate against pasteurella
Jaagsiekte/ ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA)
- facts (3)
- CS (4)
- contagious lung tumour
- retrovirus
- long incubation period (3-4 year old sheep)
CS
- weightloss (appetite maintained)
- exercise intollerance
- increasingly tachpnoeic
- crackles
Jaagsiekte/ ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA)
- Dx
- Tx
Dx
- wheelbarrow test
- no immune response –> no blood tests work!
- US: sharp demarcation from normal tissue
- PM: solid lungs, filled with fluid
Tx: cull
Maedi facts (5)
- lentivirus (retrovirus)
- related to CAEV (caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus)
- long incubation period(3-4 years)
- sheep infected via colostrum/milk
- lymphocytic infiltration of lungs, udder, joints and nervous tissue.
Maedi
- CS
- Dx
- PM
- Px
CS:
- exercise intollerance
- weightloss
- progressive tachypnoea/dyspnoea
- idurative mastitis
Dx:
- detection of antibodies (ELISA): can be negative if only had it 3 months or less)
PM: firm, rubbery, heavy lungs that do not collapse
Pc: Treat and cull, replace using MVV-free-stocks
Dental disease: cheeck teeth
- What (4)
- CS (3)
- loss of premolars due to peridontal disease
- sharp edges due to malalignment
- abscess
- dentriginous cysts
CS:
- difficulty swallowing food
- impaction of feed in cheek
- dropping partially chewed feed
–> decrease in rumen function and severe weightloss
Peridontal disease pathogenesis
localised gingivitis –> recession of gum margin –> generalised peridontitis –> breakdown of periodontal ligament –> premature toothloss
Johne’s disease
- Facts (5)
- CS (3)
- mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
- sheep strains don’t affect cattle
- faecal-oral transmission
- long incubation period
- replication in intestinal mucosa (ilium, caecum, proximal colon)–> cellular infiltration (oedema) –> malabsorption and protein loss (PLE)
CS
- weightless/ emaciation
- usually NO diarrhoea
- submandibular oedema
Johne’s Disease
- Dx (4)
- control/Px (3)
Dx:
- hypoalbuminaemia and hyperglobinaemia
- serology: ELISA
- faecal smears: acid fast bacteria (ZN stain)/PCR
- PM: enlarges lymphatic vessels, thickening of mucosa of terminal ileum, enlarged LNs
- orange intestine
control:
- cull suspects and any female progeny
- seperate replacement ewe lambs
- reduce faecal contamination
Mastitis
- agents
- CS
- Tx
- pasteurella multocida
- staph. aureus
CS
- noisy, hungry lambs
- limping
- sore, warm, inflamed udder
Tx: Abs, NSAIDs, ambutate, euthaise
