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Image Formation Flashcards

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1
Q

3 components of image formation

A
  1. Film
  2. Intensifying screen
  3. Cassette
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2
Q

Displays the radiograp;hic density

A

Film

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3
Q

The film is —, or capable of respending to exposure by photons

A

Photosensitive

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4
Q

The film is sensitive to the (1) and (2) that comprise most of the electromagnetic spectrum of both (3) and (4)

A
  1. wavelength
  2. energies
  3. light
  4. x-rays
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5
Q

Designed to be anti-static, which precent mark on the film (which can later cause misdiagnosis)

A

Overcoat

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6
Q

Other term for overcoat

A

Supercoat

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7
Q

Hard gelatin

A

Overcoat

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8
Q

Protects emulsion from scratches, pressure, and contamination during handling, processing, and storage

A

Overcoat

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9
Q

Overcoat protects emulsion from (1), (2), and (3) during (4), (5), and (6).

A
  1. scratches
  2. pressure
  3. contamination
  4. handling
  5. processing
  6. storage
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10
Q

Foundation of radiographic film

A

Base

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11
Q

Materials of choice for the base of an x-ray film

A
  1. Glass plate (before WWI)
  2. Cellulose nitrate: flammable
  3. Cellulose triacetate: “safety base”
  4. Polyester
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12
Q

Film base characteristics/ properties

A
  1. Flexible and tough
  2. Stable (Dimensional stability)
  3. Rigid
  4. Uniformly lucent
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13
Q

During manufacturing, a dye is added to the (1) of most radiographic film to slightly tint the film blue. This coloring reduces (2) and (3), enhancing the radiologis’s diagnostic (4) and accuracy.

A
  1. base
  2. eyestrain
  3. fatigue
  4. efficiency
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14
Q

Heart of the radiographic film

A

Emulsion

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15
Q

Material with which x-rays or light photons interact

A

Emulsion

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16
Q

The emulsion consists of a homogenous micture of (1) and (2)

A
  1. gelatin
  2. silver halide crystals
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17
Q

thickness of the emulsion

A

3-5 μm (micrometer) thick

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18
Q

It provides mechanical support for the silver halide crystals by holding them uniformly dispersed in place

A

Gelatin

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19
Q

Component of the emulsion that is clear and flexible

A

Gelatin

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20
Q

Porous for processing chemicals to penetrate

A

Gelatin

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21
Q

Active ingridient of the emulsion

A

Silver Halide Crystals

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22
Q

Silver Halide Crystals consists of of how many percentage of silver bromide and silver iodide?

A

Silver bromide: 98%
Silver iodide: 2%

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23
Q

Interaction of x-ray and light photons with these high-Z atoms ultimately results in the formation of a latent image on the radiograph

A

Silver halide crystals

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24
Q

Invisible image formed after exposure to radiation

A

Latent image

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25
Visible image after processing
Manifest image
26
A silver halide crystal of the emulsion may be what shapes?
Tabular (most common) Cubic Octahedral Polyhedral Irregular
27
Types of film
1. Screen film/ intensifying screen film 2. Direct exposure/ Nonscreen Film 3. Single emulsion film 4. Double emulsion film
28
Film that uses intensifying screen
Screen film/ intensifying screen film
29
Screen film/ intensifying screen film uses --- to create image
Light
30
Film that uses direct exposure to x-rays
Direct exposure/ Nonscreen film
31
Device that converts the energy of the x-ray beam into visible light
Intensifying screen
32
Once intensifying scteen converts energy of x-ray beam into visible light, visible light then interacts with the radiographic film, forming the ---
Latent image
33
Layers of the film
Supercoat/ Overcoat Emulsion Adhesive Base
34
Layers of the intensifying screen
Base Reflective layer Phosporus layer Protective coating
35
Layer of the intensifying screen closest to the radiographic film
Protective coating
36
Thickness of the protective coating
10-20 μm thick
37
Layer of the intensifying screen that makes screen resistant to abrasion and damage caused by handling
Protective coating
38
Layer of the intensifying screen that helps eliminate the build up of static electricity
Protective coating
39
Layer of the intensifying screen that is transparent to light
Protective coating
40
Active layer of the radiographic intensifying screen
Phosphor layer
41
Thickness of the phosphor layer
50-300 μm thick
42
What converts the x-ray beam into light?
Phosphor
43
Favorable properties of intensifying screen phosphor: 1. High (1) 2. High (3) 3. Appropriate (3) 4. Minimal (4) 5. Not affected by (5), (6), or other environmental conditions
1. Atomic number 2. Conversion efficiency 3, Sprectral matching 4. Phosphorescence 5. Heat 6. Humidity
44
Other term for phosphoresence
Screen glow/ Afterglow
45
A phosphor discovered by Thomas Edison whic h is widely used in the medical field
Calcium Tungstate
46
Oxysulfides of Rare Earth (used as phosphor layer)
1. Gadolinium 2. Lanthanium 3. Ythrium
47
It is in between the phosphor and the base
Reflective layer
48
The reflective layer is approximately how thick?
Approximately 25 μm thick
49
Differentiate the intensifying screen's reflective layer and base in terms of location, thickness, and composition.
Reflective layer - between phosphor and base - approximately 25 μm thick - made up of magnesium oxide or titanium doixide Bse - farthes t from the radiographic film - approximately 1mm thick - made up of polyester
50
Intercepts light headed in other directions and redirects it to the film (reflects light towards film)
Reflective layer
51
Mechanical support for the active phosphor layer
Base
52
Rigid holder that contains the film and radiographic intensifying screen
Cassette
53
Various sizes and types of this are available
Cassette
54
Parts of the cassette discussed
1. Front of cassette 2. Compression device 3. Back cover of cassette
55
The front of cassette is (1), thin yet sturdy and (2)
1. Uniformly radiolucent 2. lightweight
56
Designed for minimum attunuation of the x-ray beam
Fron of cassette
57
What is the compression device made up of?
Radiolucent platic foam
58
Maintains close screen-film contact when the cassette is closed and latched
Compression deive
59
Other terms for compression device
Foam pressure pad Contact felt
60
This part of the cassette must be rigid and lightweight
Back cover of cassette
61
The back cover of the cassette is made up of (1) and may also include a sheet of (2) to reduce residual beam and (3)
1. heavy metal 2. lead 3. backscatter
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