Immobilisation

Question 1

Gold standard

Answer 1

Collar, blocks, tape
NICE guidelines

Just blocks & tape for kids

Question 2

Canadian C Spine Rules - application

Answer 2

GCS 15
16 or over
Stable following trauma
Injury where c spine injury is a concern

N/A in non trauma; hx c spine surgery; unstable vitals; acute paralysis; known vertebral disease; pregnant

Question 3

Canadian C Spine Rules - High Risk Mandating Radiography

Answer 3

• 65 or over
• dangerous mechanism
• parasthesia in extremities

Question 4

Canadian C Spine Rules - Low Risk

Answer 4

Allows safe assessment of range of movement

• simple rear end (not into oncoming traffic; HGV; roll; high speed)
• sitting in ED
• ambulatory at any time
• delayed onset neck pain
• absence of midline c spine tenderness

If no, radiography

Able to rotate 45 degrees? No radiography.

Question 5

Canadian C Spine Rules - Dangerous Mechanism

Answer 5

Fall from 3 feet or more, or more than 5 stairs
Axial load to head, eg diving
MVC over 60mph; roll over; ejection
Motorised recreational vehicles
Bicycle struck or collision