Immune System

Question 1

Role of Vaccines
(in preventing diseases)

Answer 1

• Non disease causing pathogen introduced into an organism
• Stimulates immunity
• Produces antibodies

Question 2

How the general defense system fights infection

Answer 2

• Skin
• Clotting
• Sweat Glands

Question 3

Passive Immunity

Answer 3

Antibodies introduced into body
(e.g child recieves antibodies from breastmilk)

Question 4

Antibodies

Answer 4

Chemicals made by white blood cells in response to antigens

Question 5

Anti-biotics

Answer 5

Chemicals made by micro-organisms used to kill other micro-organisms

Question 6

Immunity

Answer 6

Resistance to disease

Question 7

e.g of defense mechanisms in the body

Answer 7

• Dead cells in skin - physical or impenetrable barrier
• Sweat - contains chemicals that kill micro-organisms

Question 8

Role of Lymphoctytes in immunity

Answer 8

• B-cells recognise antigen
• Antibodies produced
• Helper T-cells stimulate B-cell production
• Killer T-cells attack infected cells

Question 9

Active immunity

Answer 9

e.g Vaccination

Question 10

Pathogen

Answer 10

A disease causing organism
(e.g bacteria, fungi)

Question 11

Non-specific immune system

Answer 11

blocks or neutralises invading pathogens

Question 12

Specific immune system

Answer 12

identify and target pathogens

Question 13

Phagocytes

Answer 13

Specialised white blood cells engulf pathogens

Question 14

Macrophages

Answer 14

Long lasting phagocytes in lymph tissue and the spleen

Question 15

Complement proteins

Answer 15

Proteins which attract and burst pathogens in the blood

Question 16

Interferons

Answer 16

A group of proteins produced in response to viral infection

Question 17

Antigen

Answer 17

Pathogen proteins that cause the production of antibodies

Question 18

How antibodies kill Pathogens

Answer 18

• They prevent virus/bacteria entry into cells.
• Cause the ‘clumping’ of pathogens
• Trigger complement proteins
• Pathogen cells burst
• They bind to specific antigens allowing the pathogen to be destroyed by lymphocytes

Question 19

T- Cells

Answer 19

• Killer Ts - produce perforin which attacks abnormal body cells
• Helper Ts - Stimulate division of correct B cells
• Suppressor Ts - prevent an overreaction
• Memory Ts - stimulate Memory and Killer T cells

Question 20

Induced Immunity

Answer 20

The ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies

Question 21

Vaccination

Answer 21

The administration of a non-disease-causing dose of a pathogen or part of a pathogen which causes active immunity