Immune System

Question 1

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Answer 1

• Thymus
  * Gland in middle of chest
  * Where T cells mature
• Bone marrow
  * Stem cells

Question 2

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Answer 2

• Armpits
• Under clavicle
• Groin

Question 3

Immune Privileged Sites

Answer 3

• Brain
• Eyes
• Sex organs

Question 4

Structural barriers of innate immune system

Answer 4

• Skin

- Mucosal membranes

Question 5

Physiological barriers of innate immune system

Answer 5

• Body temperature
• Stomach acid
• pH of skin

Question 6

Inflammatory barriers of innate immune system

Answer 6

• Increase in temperature
• Vasodilation
• Blood vessels leak C-reaction protein & monocytes
• Cytokines
• Blood pressure

Question 7

Specificity of active immune system

Answer 7

• T cells recognise sequences of amino acids
• Pattern Recognising Receptor (PRR) on T cell read amino acid sequences presented by Major Histo-Compatability Complexes (MHC)

Question 8

Immune Response

Answer 8

1 - Immune cells clear up debris
2 - M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage to M1 inflammatory
3 - Natural killer cells check if body cells have enough MHC
4 - Dendritic cells engulf tumour proteins, chopping into peptides
5 - Dendritic cells travel through lymphatic vessels to lymph nodes
6 - Peptides presented to cells of adaptive immune system
7 - If compatible, T cells have licence to kill
8 - Signals for T cell divide into memory cells:
* TCR
* Co stimulation
* Cytokines produced by dendritic cells
9 - If receives signals, then divide into many memory T-cells, which travel around body

Question 9

Response to exercise

Answer 9

• Increase in WBCs

- 1 hour after exercise, WBC leave bloodstream to help cells that have been damaged