immunisation

Question 1

benefits of immunisation

Answer 1

• individual immunity to infection
• reduces transmission on population level
• reduces disease in vaccinated and unvaccinated people (herd immunity)

Question 2

mechanism of vaccination

Answer 2

• protein antigens injection (T cell dependent antibodies)
• polysaccharide antigens injection (T cell independent antibodies)
• live viral injection (antibodies, CD8 cytotoxic cells)

Question 3

live attenuated vaccines

Answer 3

• modification of virus or bacteria
• can proliferate and produce immunity but not illness
• generally lifelong immunity
• viral = MMP, varicella
  bacterial = TB

Question 4

inactivated vaccines

Answer 4

• whole viruses or bacteria (not pathogenic)
• protein based vaccines = from epitopes that are immunogenic or inactivated toxins
• polysaccharide-based vaccines

‘killed’ whole antigen vaccines
or
fractional vaccines