what is immunity
body’s specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism
whats the immune systems function
- bodys defense mechanism -> physical injury and infection
- maintain homeostasis -> equilibrium of internal environment and surveillance
what factors may affect the immune system
- genetics (can have missing antibodies)
- general physical condition
- meds
- dietary patterns (less mcnuggies and more veggies or some shit like that)
- stress (hormones trigger mild immune response)
disorders of the immune system result from…
- genetics
- medically acquired
- excess or deficiencies of immunocompetent cells
- alteration in function of cells
- immunologic attack on self antigens
- inappropriate/exaggerated responses
what are the two types of lymphocytes and what do they do
B cells
- humoral immunity, antibody production
- make cute little memories
- responsible for anaphylaxis and sx of vaccines
T cells
- cellular immunity, several types
- these are the little bad asses
- aggressive little fuckers
spleen and lymph nodes are included in…
lymphoid tissue
what does the spleen do
- filters out old and injured RBCs
- high concentration of lymphocytes
what do lymph nodes do
- all over the body, connected by lymph channels and capillaries
- remove foreign material before it enters the blood stream
- center for immune cell proliferation
- stores WBCs
whats natural immunity
- innate
- defense against and resistance to infection
- inflammatory response
- physical and chemical barriers
- nonspecific
- present at birth
- immune regulation
whats acquired immunity
- adaptive
- “learned” through exposure, contracted disease or vaccination
- specific
- after birth
whats active acquired immunity
defenses developed by person’s own body (lasts a long time)
infection or vaccination
whats passive acquired immunity
temporary from source outside the body
maternal immunity (titty milk) and monoclonal antibodies
antibodies passed on in breast milk are considered what type of immunity
passive
performed anitbodies passed on from breast milk are passive adaptive immunity
invasion of bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens leads to three types of defense… what are they
- phagocytic immune response -> WBCs ingect and destroy foreign particles
- humoral or antibody immune resopnse -> B cells respond with antibodies
- cellular immune response -> T cells attack foreign particles
describe phagocytic immune response
- first line
- WBCs ingest and destroy foreign particles
- macrophages and -phils
describe humoral or antibody immune response
- B cells
- recognition of antigen
- immunoglobulins
- production of antibodies
- circulates in peripheral blood
- antigen-antibody binding
what are some responses of humoral immunity
- anaphylaxis
- allergic hay fever and asthma
- immune complex disease
- bacterial and some viral infections
describe IgG
this is a humoral immunity antibody
- 75% of em
- blood and tissue infections
- activates complement system (calls its buddies to fight)
- anhances phagocytosis
- crosses the placenta (pretty big with genetic deficiencies)
describe cell mediated immunity
- T cells
- circulates in peripheral blood
- does no produce antibodies
- major role: surveillance
what are some responses of cell mediated immunity
- transplant rejection
- delayed hypersensitivity (Tb reaction)
- graft vs host
- tumor surveillance (recognition or destruction)
- seen in long term immune reactions
what are some types of T cells
- helper T cells (CD4)
- cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
- natural killer cells
what do helper T cells (CD4) do
- facilitate action of other types T and B cells
- stimulate immune system
- releases cytokines -> chemicals calling for help
look at this thing
what do cytokines do
mediate interactions between cells
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IV therapy106
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hematologic function and blood transfusion55
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chapters 1-4: principles of nursing care28
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assessment of resp function76
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management of patients with upper airway problems23
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stress and inflammatory response22
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disability and chronic illness39
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management of patients with chest and lower resp81
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healthcare of the older adult76
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management of patients with chronic pulmonary diseases37
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cardiovascular overview38
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heart failure18
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coronary artery disease23
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valvular disorders10
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cardiomyopathy2
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atrial fibrillation8
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hypertension8
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vascular disorders49
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sexual health19
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disorders of the kidney62
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renal A+P, diagnostic testing, and assessment55
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urinary disorders57
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burns27
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neuro: anatomical and physiologic overview52
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cranial nerves12
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neuro diagnostic evaluation12
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management of patients with neurologic dysfunction62
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management of patients with cerebrovascular disorders48
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neurological disorders: trauma54
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MS, MG, Guillain-Barre, cranial nerve and PNS disorders59
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oncologic or degenerative neurologic disorders25
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assessment of the endocrine system23
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hypothalamus/pituitary glands and disorders27
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thyroid and parathyroid glands and disorders43
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adrenal glands and disorders32
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management of patients with diabetes76
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musculoskeletal modalities35
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musculoskeletal trauma40
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joint disorders28
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musculoskeletal disorders36
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musculoskeletal overview37
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immunity36
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oncology64
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HIV/AIDS26
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autoimmune disorders18
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transplants13
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GI assessment26
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oral and esophageal disorders41
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gastric and duodenal disorders34
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intestinal and rectal disorders71
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the liver36
