Immunizations

Question 1

What 3 things do you need to document before giving a vaccine to provide safe administration?

Answer 1

Lot #, manufacteur, and expiration date

Question 2

Diphtheria: agent and transmission

Answer 2

Corynebacterium diphtheria and direct contact

Question 3

Clinical Manifestations of Diphtheria

Answer 3

Bull’s Neck, white or gray mucous membranes, fever, and cough

Question 4

Treatment for Diphtheria

Answer 4

ABX, bed rest and support

Question 5

What precautions is Diphtheria?

Answer 5

Droplet

Question 6

Chicken Pox (Varicella): agent and transmission

Answer 6

varicella-zoster virus and direct contact and respiratory secretions

Question 7

What are the Clinical manifestations of Chicken Pox?

Answer 7

Prodromal stage– slight fever, malaise
-pruitic rash begins a macule vesicle then erupts
-rash is typicallu centripetal- extremities, face

Question 8

What is the treatment for Chicken pox?

Answer 8

Supportive

Question 9

What are the precautions for Chicken pox?

Answer 9

Standard at home, if hospitilized airborne and contact
-child is contagious a day before rash appears and until vesicles are crusted

Question 10

Measles (Rubeola): agent and transmission

Answer 10

Viral and direct contact from respiratory secretions

Question 11

What are the CM of Measles (Rubeola)?

Answer 11

Prodromal- fever, malaise, coryza, cough and conjunctivitis
-koplcik spots on mucosa
-rash appears on day 3-4 of illness

Question 12

What is the treatment of Measles (Rubeola)?

Answer 12

ABX, bed rest and support

Question 13

What precautions is Measles (Rubeola)?

Answer 13

Airborne if in the hospital until day 5 of rash

Question 14

Pertussis: agent and transmission

Answer 14

Bordetella perfussis and direct contact from droplets

Question 15

What are the CM for pertussis?

Answer 15

Catarrhal stage: URI symptoms 1-2 weeks
Paroxymal stage: short, rapid cough followed by high pitched crowing, whoop or gasp 4-6 weeks cyanosis may occur during episode

Question 16

What is the treatment of Pertussis?

Answer 16

Prevention, supportive during hospitalization with suction, humidity, careful oral feeding, and hydration

Question 17

What are the precautions for pertussis?

Answer 17

Droplet

Question 18

Rubella(German Measles): agent and transmisison

Answer 18

Rubella virus and direct contact from droplets

Question 19

What are the CM of Rubella?

Answer 19

low grade fever, HA, malaise, sore throat, RASH

Question 20

What is the treatment of Rubella?

Answer 20

supportive care

Question 21

What are the precautions for Rubella?

Answer 21

Droplet

Question 22

What precautions for the flu?

Answer 22

droplet

Question 23

Pneumococcal Disease: agent and transmission

Answer 23

Streptococcal pneumococci and direct contact affecting children under 2 years most commonly

Question 24

What are the CM for Pneumococcal Disease?

Answer 24

pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, localized infections

Question 25

What is the treatment for Pneumococcal Disease?

Answer 25

prevention, ABX, supportive care

Question 26

What precautions are for Pneumococcal Disease?

Answer 26

droplet

Question 27

Hep B vaccine

Answer 27

-spread thru blood and body fluid -encourages vaccine of all children by age 11 years -3 IM doses -not given if previous life threatening allergic reaction to bakers yeast or previous dose -may cause soreness at injection site or mild to moderate fever

Question 28

DTaP Vaccine

Answer 28

-newer than DTP and has less side effects -IM -may cause soreness, redness at site, fever, fussiness, decreased appitite, fatigue and vomitting -given at 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months and 4-6 years

Question 29

Hib vaccine

Answer 29

-IM at 2,4,6, 12-15 months of age -may cause redness, warmth, and swelling at injection site or fever over 101

Question 30

Polio Vaccine

Answer 30

IM at 2,4,6-18 months and 4-6 years

Question 31

MMR vaccine

Answer 31

given SQ at 12-15 months and 4-6 years Contraindications: allergy to gelatin, ABX neomycin, or previous dose, pt who are moderate or severly ill ** Women should wait to get the MMR until after birth and should not get pregnant until 3 months after getting the MMR vaccine

Question 32

Varicella

Answer 32

given at any age greater than 12 months, given Sub Q, if not given with MMR, must wait at least 1 month for MMR

Question 33

Hep A vaccine

Answer 33

IM in the deltoid, recommended for all children beginning at age 1, 2 doses 6 months apart

Question 34

Flu vaccine

Answer 34

recommended for children 6 months or greater to 18 annually. Given yearly in the fall

Question 35

Should you give a vaccine to a child with a minor illness?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

What adjustments are made for vaccinations to premature babies?

Answer 36

None, they have the same vaccination requirements

Question 37

What are true contraindications for immunizations?

Answer 37

anaphylactic reaction and moderate to severe illness

Question 38

What information need to be recorded for immunizations?

Answer 38

month, day, year, vaccine, manufacturer, lot #, and expiration date, site and route, name, title and address