Important Names

Question 1

Kaleta - JAPMA 2001

Answer 1

ESR OM: 70 mm/hr

Question 2

Grayson - JAMA 1995

Answer 2

85% specificity, 89% PPV for PTB test OM

Question 3

Theory of Charcot

Answer 3

NV Theory/French Theory of Charcot Neuroarthropathy

Question 4

Theory of Virchow and Volkman

Answer 4

Neurotraumatic Theory/German Theory of Charcot Neuroarthropathy

Question 5

1st Described Charcot Neuroarthropathy

Answer 5

Musgrave 1703

Question 6

Yu 2002 Charcot

Answer 6

credited with addition of Stage 0 to Eichenholtz classification for Charcot

Question 7

Lipsky 2012

Answer 7

IDSA guidelines DFI

Question 8

Charnley

Answer 8

Ankle Fx Closed Reduction: Exaggerate > Distract > Reverse

Stability of Fxs: Transverse > Oblique > Spiral > Comminuted

Question 9

Richli 1984

Answer 9

• mechanism of 5th met proximal tuberosity fx = 2/2 pull of lateral band of plantar fascia, not PB in injury of inversion and PF of the FF

cadaver study

Question 10

Scott 2015

Answer 10

4.5 mm cannulated screw = the NARROWEST screw that can be used for IM fixation of Jones Fx

Question 11

Yates 2015

Answer 11

6 meta-analyses of Jones Fx fixation: IM pinning vs Conservative

• lower rate non-union in sx tx (0-11%) (vs 11-50% in conservative)
• faster return to sports and normal activity in sx
• complications: more complications in non-op group (re-fx, delayed union, malunion) (31 to 8.5%)
• no diff in satisfaction b/w groups

Question 12

Donley 1999

Answer 12

risk of sural nerve injury with IM screw fix of Jones Fx – branches of sural nerve laterally and dorsally to 5th met

Question 13

Yu 2002 pre-dislocation syndrome

Answer 13

• positive vertical stress test result present with dorsal translocation of prox phalanx 2 MM above met head
• progressive subluxation/dislocation of lesser digit with pain during ambulation, better with rest
• feel like “stone bruise” or “lump” on bottom of foot with swelling at base of toe, more impressive plantarly
• excruciating pain just distal and plantar to met head that is disproportionate to any other objective clinical findings

Question 14

Hardcastle 1982

Answer 14

prognosis of lisfranc injury depends on the accurate reduction and its maintenance

Question 15

Arntz 1988

Answer 15

development of post-traumatic arthritis s/p ORIF of lisfranc injuries all of whom had intra-articular or peri-articular fxs w/ anatomical or nearly anatomical reduction achieved intra-op …. was directly related to the DAMAGE TO THE ARTICULAR SURFACES OR TO INADEQUATE REDUCTION, OR BOTH

Question 16

Coetzee 2006

Answer 16

compare ORIF and primary arthrodesis in primarily ligamentous Lisfranc injuries –> primary stable arthrodesis of the medial and central columns had better short and medium term outcomes (2 year f/u) than ORI
- arthrodesis - back to 92% of preinjury level vs ORIF only 65%

Question 17

Astion 1997

Answer 17

• arthrodesis of TNJ severely limited the motion of the STJ and CCJ to about 2 deg (STJ: 8% of pre-op value), and limits PTT to 25% of original value
• arthrodesis of the CCJ had little effect on the ROM of the STJ, and it reduced the ROM of the TNJ to a mean of 67% of preop value
• arthrodesis of the STJ reduced motion at the TNJ to 26% and CCJ to 56%

Question 18

Manoli and Weber 1990

Answer 18

• added “9th calcaneal” compartment for foot compartments:
• medial, lateral, superficial, adductor, 4 x interossei, calcaneal (contains QP and communicates with the deep posterior leg compartment through the retinaculum behind medial mal, following NVS and tendons

Question 19

Wukich 2008 - Management of Ankle Fxs in Pts with DM

Answer 19

• prolonged NWB and subsequent Protected WB are recommended following both op and non-op tx of ankle fxs in pts with DM

Question 20

Kuwada 1995

Answer 20

Types I-IV AT rupture and suggested treatments

* average return to pre-injury activity level was 5.1 months (following classification and corresponding treatment)

Question 21

Cronin 2003

Answer 21

• pts with wide pre-op IMA –> 1st MTPJ changed preop IM to postop IM by 8.22 deg
• pts with severe HAV and 1st MTPJ degeneration – arthrodesis can significantly correct IMA w/o addition of basal osteotomy

Question 22

Dickhaut 1984

Answer 22

minimum levels of albumin and TLC to heal?

• albumin: 3 g/dl
• TLC: 1500

Question 23

Who studied the relationship between ABI and healing and what did he/them find?

Answer 23

Wagner

ABI >/= 0.45 for DM

Question 24

Wyss, Harrington & Burgess, JBJS, 1988

Answer 24

minimum TcPO2 needed for healing = 30 mmHg

Question 25

Myerson 1999 Charcot

Answer 25

- in acute phase of skin necrosis from pressure of dislocated bone or if other skin problems = likely to occur in casting --> sx indicated, also for marked dislocation that likely to cause later problems --> can fixate if

Question 26

Simon 2000 Charcot

Answer 26

primary arthrodesis in pts with early stage 1 charcot = good results -- = alternative to conservative non-op management in these pts

Question 27

History of Charcot in the literature

Answer 27

- Musgrave = 1st to report neuropathic OA due to venereal disease - Jean Marie Charcot = French neurologist - described the neuropathic component and linked it to syphilis - Jordan linked condition to DM - Volkman, Virchow, and "German School" = neurotraumatic theory - Edmonds - NV theory

Question 28

Armstrong support for TTC for Charcot

Answer 28

reduced stride length and cadence decreases possibility of developing charcot in other foot

Question 29

Bibbo 2014 Calc Fx

Answer 29

- suggest that either through direct injury or 2/2 thrombosis following DIACF --> large portion of blood supply to anterolateral flap in LEA may be disrupted * * may want to doppler LCA prior to sx ( if patent, normal LEA, if not -- may want to consider alt approach, e.g., sinus tarsi)

Question 30

Sanders 1993 Calc Fx

Answer 30

Type 4 -- results usually poor -- may want to consider primary arthrodesis STJ

Question 31

Reudi and Allgower 1969

Answer 31

4 key principles of pylon fx reduction: 1. restoration of length of fibula 2. reconstruction of articular surface of distal tibia 3. filling in the defect from impaction using cancellous autografts 4. support of the medial side of the tibia by plating to prevent a late varus deformity

Question 32

Ramsey and Hamilton 1976

Answer 32

with 1 mm of lateral talar displacement, there was 42% decrease in tibiotalar contact - majority of decrease in contact occured in 1st 1mm of deformity

Question 33

Yablon 1977

Answer 33

- lateral malleolus is the key to the anatomical reduction of the bimalleolar fx, b/c the displacement of the talus faithfully follows the lateral mall

Question 34

Schaffer and Manoli 1987 for antiglide plate

Answer 34

- antiglide plate advantages over lateral plate: decreased ST dissection, no chance for screws to enter joint, antiglide plate had a much higher torque/load to failure than traditional lateral plate! (stronger)

Question 35

Hoiness 2004 Syndesmosis Fixation

Answer 35

- no significant differences b/w 2 x 3.5 tricortical and 1 x 4.5 quadricortical in terms of functional score, pain, and DF after 1 year - 4.5 screws were routinely removed after 2 mo, 3.5 only if symptomatic

Question 36

McLaughlin : Posterior Mal Fx

Answer 36

fixate posterior mal fx when >25% artic surface involved

Question 37

Swanson Study 1992 Talar Neck Fx Fixation

Answer 37

2 cancellous screws Postero-->Anterior dxn = strongest | but also riskier b/c harder to visualize

Question 38

Raikin

Answer 38

- OCD lesions - most common location is central (80%), medial 62%, lateral 34% -- so mediocentral then laterocentral

Question 39

McDonald 1977

Answer 39

Described 25% rule for posterior mal fxs

Question 40

1st person to describe charcot

Answer 40

musgrave

Question 41

1st person to describe triple arthrodesis

Answer 41

ryerson

Question 42

1st person to describe charcot in diabetics

Answer 42

jordan

Question 43

Sigyard Hansen

Answer 43

described the essential joints (ankle, STJ, TN, MTJ 2-5)

Question 44

takagi

Answer 44

first described arthroscopy

Question 45

heller and vogel

Answer 45

1st to describe arthroscopy in podiatry