what are the 4 components of basic information processing model
input
decision making
output
feedback
what is a display
the physical environment in which the learner is performing
what are the 3 more useful receptors in sport
vision
audition
proprioceptors
what is the input section
provides information about movements from outside via the senses
what is vision in the input section
provides information about movements of objects and about our position in the environment about 90% of sensory information we receive is through eyes
what is audition in the input section
enables us to notice and identify aspects of our environment even when we cannot see provides information about our own activity (eg sound of ball on the racket)
what is proprioceptors in the inout section
information includes the movement of our body in space, its balance, position of limbs, carried by nerve receptors in the muscle tendons and joints
what are the 3 parts to proprioceptors information
touch- enables us to feel (boot on ball)
equilibrium- position of body in space (location of body during somersaults)
kinaesthesis- the sense telling the brain about movements of muscle tendons and joints (eg the shot felt right)
what is selective attention
the process of picking out and focusing on the most revenant parts of the display it filters out non relevant information
why do we use selective attention
the central nervous system doesn’t have the capacity to process all aspects of the environment so is required
what do cognitive performers find hard when using selective attention
picking up subtle cues
knowing what to selectively attend to
being distracted by irrelevant stimuli and selectively attending to the wrong cues
why can autonomous performers use selective attention more easily
many parts of their performance become automatic so they do not need to attend to those parts so have spare attention capacity so able to attend to more elements
what are some adaptation stories the display to help cognitive performers select the right information
larger ball and bat
shorter handle
brightly coloured ball
sponge balls
chalk marks on floor in gymnastics
hoops for target areas
make environment closed to reduce distractions
how can a coach help the process of selective attention
make practice conditions appropriate to enhance selective attention
highlight specific cues for the performer to attend to
mental rehearsal
make stimuli easy to remember
use of routine
make associations between stimuli and past experiences
what is perception
the process by which the brain interprets and makes sense of the information transmitted by the sense organs
what are the 3 elements / process of perception
DCR
detection
comparison
recognition
what is detection in DCR
stimulus is detected by senses
what is comparison in DCR
is what happens when we attend to something we have sensed by comparing it to a previous experience that have been stored in our memory
what is recognition in DCR
occurs when we find a match in our memory of a similar stimulus and then interpretation relies on previous experience and memory of that experience
what are the 7 parts of whitlings model
input
receptor systems
perceptual mechanism
translatory mechanism
effector mechanism
output
feedback
what are the 3 models of information processing
basic, whitlings, welford
what is the receptor systems in whitlings model
sensory organs
eyes detect the flight of ball
proprioceptors feels bodys position
what is perceptual mechanism in whitlings model
brain filters out irrelevant information using selective attention
comparing to stored memories (DCR)
what is translatory mechanism in whitlings model
the player decides what skill to play based on input
