Centre zero ammeter
Altimatornfail in negative
Battery fail if positive
Left zero ammeter
Altinater output
If 0 = fail
Battery material
Lead acid
Keep contained and vented
Altinator volts
Battery volts
Altinator = 14-28
Battery= 12-24
Gyro instruments
Rigidity : stabilises itself
Gimbal : allows only 1 motion
Altitude
Direction
Turn coordinator
Pressure instruments
Force = pressure x area
Speed indicator - Dynamic = Pitot - Static
Altimeter
Vertical speed indicator
Blocked Pitot =
Blocked static =
P.U.D. S.U.C.
Pitot underread descent
Static underread climb
Magnetic compass
(Earth magnetic fields)
O.N.U.S.
Overshoot N, undershoot S
S.A.N.D.
S acceleration, N deceleration
Magnetic dip
(Magnetic compass)
Needle has tilt to the horizon by local dip angle 10 degrees
