Intelligence - Intro

Question 1

Defining Intelligence implicit Theory

Answer 1

-Layperson’s definition
- implicit theory (What everyday people think)
-important to everyday life, give rise to formal theories of intelligence

Question 2

Sternberg et al -intelligence defined by implicit theory -3 dimensions characteristics

Answer 2

• stage 1-> ask group of people what concept of intelligence are
• stage 2 -> different sample given list from stage 1 + asked to rate how well definition is
• 3 dimensions ppts dictated as characteristics of intelligence:
  > practical problem solving
  > verbal ability
  > social competence

Question 3

Sternberg (1985) - repeated og experiment - 5 dimension characteristics

Answer 3

• found 5 dimensions:
  > practical problem solving
  > Verbal ability
  > intellectual balance + integration
  > goal orientation + attainment
  > contextual intelligence
  > Fluid thought
  -shows similarities in ways people view intelligence
• Aren’t entirely consistent ever after short duration ( 5 years)

Question 4

cultural variation in implicit theories of intelligence - western vs non

Answer 4

• Western value: speed ,verbalised solutions + abilities, emphasis on learning, good memory + cog
• Non-Western value: family/friends consideration, spiritual needs + previously succesful people

Question 5

cultural variation-Chinese

Answer 5

-Yang + Sternberg:
> responsiveness to change
> honouring parents
> doing right thing
> understand self + world
-Chen + Chen:
> reasoning
> social skills
> numeracy
> memory
- important but less than above

Question 6

cultural variation- Taiwan - 5 aspects

Answer 6

-Yang + Sternberg
- 5 aspects emerged:
> general cog factor intelligence
> interpersonal intelligence
> intrapersonal intelligence
> intellectual self-assertion
> intellectual self-effacement

Question 7

cultural variation : India

Answer 7

• Baral + Das
• thinking, judgement , decision making
• gelled by harmony of self- awareness + consciousness
• Appreciation + interest of others
• politeness
  -modesty

Question 8

Age influences intelligence

Answer 8

• different ages have different intelligence:
  > Siegler + Richards: describe intelligent person at age:
  > 6 months: recognise people + motor ability
  > 2 years: verbal learning ability, awareness
  > 10 years: problem solving + reasoning
  > Adult: 10 years + creativity
• Intelligence is viewed differently when We are different ages:
  > more cog dev + socialisation

Question 9

Defining intelligence- explicit theories

Answer 9

• No single definition
• different experts have different opinions
• Sternberg: depends on discipline + profession

Question 10

formalisation Theory - Galton

Answer 10

• first to propose people differ in intelligence
• Is biological/ hereditary
• measured by physical Means (sight, hearing)
  -Believed in eugenics = reproductive selection process aiming to create children with desirable traits

Question 11

formalisation Theories -Binet

Answer 11

-Intelligence is Malleable + devs
- dev tests to work with children on incremental basis to discover those needing support
- Simon-Binet test gages children mental Ages

Question 12

formalisation Theory-Terman

Answer 12

• expanded Binet test
  -recognised need for standardisation
• streamlined test as looking at intelligence as 1 thing IQ

Question 13

formalisation Theory- Yerkes

Answer 13

• simon-binet test to help ed + soldiers
• use test to estimate role of soldiers

Question 14

formalisation Theory- spearman

Answer 14

• Tested children with several test
  -If did well on 1 test do well on others too

Question 15

Mindset theory influencing Beh

Answer 15

-Dweck + leggett
-fixed VS growth mindset
- Fixed = entity theory: born, can’t change, lower motivation
- Growth = Incremental theory: resilience, persistence, do better academically

Question 16

Immigration + intelligence

Answer 16

-immigrants given test when entering USA that was based on western culture knowledge
- southern + eastern European immigrants performed poorly as had limited schooling/ lang