Parts of Nervous System
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
CNS Parts
Brain and spinal cord
PNS Parts
peripheral nerves
Parts of the Neuron
- Dendrites (receive info)
- Axon (conduct info)
- Nodes of Ranvier (w. Myelin sheaths)
- Axon terminals (transmit info)
What type of cells lends support to neurons?
‘Glia’
–> structural support, get rid of debris, contain and maintain chemicals
How are messages sent through neurons?
Through electrical signals called ‘action potentials’, which happen with the migration of sodium and potassium across the lipid bilayer, creating a charge
4 Stages of Action potential
- Depolarization
- Repolarization
- Hyperpolarization
- Resting state
Depolarization
Sodium ions go in through sodium pump, increasing charge IN the cell
Repolarization
Potassium ions go out through pumps, increasing charge OUT the cell
Hyperpolarization
Too many potassium ions go out, causing a dip on the charge
Resting State
Sodium-potassium pump works overtime to maintain -70mV
Whats the order for a electrical message?
Presynaptic neuron –> releases neurotransmitters from the vesicles in axon terminal –> synaptic gap –> channels in postynaptic neuron receive them
3 Neuroanatomical Planes
- Coronal / Frontal (CROWN)
- Horizontal / Transversal (HORIZONTAL)
- Sagittal (ARROW)
3 Neuroanatomical Axis
- Rostral (Anterior) / Caudal (Posterior)
- Dorsal (Superior) / Ventral (Inferior)
- Medial (Middle) / Lateral (Side)
Brain Anatomy - How many lobes?
4 obvi
Names of Lobes [5]
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Cerebellum
Frontal Main Functions
Executive function, planning, attention
Temporal Main Functions
Auditory processing, memory (HIPPOCAMPUS)
Parietal Main Functions
Sensation and perception
Occipital Main Functions
Vision
Cerebellum Main Functions
Balance, coordination, learning
What do hemispheres have?
Lateralization
–> Some functions are more dominant in some hemispheres but never 100% localized
Main commissure between hemispheres and general function
General function of commissures: connect and communicate between hemispheres
Main one: Corpus callosum
Brain texture
Gyrus / Gyri = Hills
Sulci = Valleys
Fissures = Rlly deep valleys
[largest fissure = longitudinal fissure]
