Culture
Set of attitudes, values, beliefs and norms that are shared within a group and transmitted across generations (language, food, dance, etc.)
Characteristics of culture
External, acquired, and transmissible to others (e.g. can acquire values of a culture when moving somewhere)
Ethnicity
A group of people with common cultural traits
(language, place of origin, customs, religion, history, traditions, values, beliefs, food, style of dress, and more)
Characteristics of ethnicity
Open, flexible, and subject to change as the customs, language, etc., morph over time
Race
Social construction – therefore, definition changes across time and context
APA Publication Manual (2020, p. 142): “physical differences that groups and cultures consider socially significant”
Characteristics of race
- May not correspond to actual ethnicity and nationality
- Not rooted in genetics: the place of origin of ancestors does not always map onto race
- Often used to keep people in power (e.g. apartheid)
Discrimination
Unfair treatment on the basis of some perceived (or assumed) aspect of identity or group membership
Discrimination is often a symptoms of these underlying ‘–isms’
*Racism
*Sexism
*Heterosexism
*Ableism
*Ageism
*Xenophobia
Privilege
Advantages that come with certain identities, often unconscious
Positionality
Our constellation of privileged and marginalized identities
