Intro

Question 1

why do we have a CVS?

Answer 1

to transport O2 and other nutrients to tissues

Question 2

label this heart and where do coronary heart arise and drain into ?

Answer 2

Question 3

whats special about coronary arteries

Answer 3

• they don’t form many anatomoses ( join so b.v can be diverted)
• prone to atheroma (narrowing due to atheromatous plaque formation

Question 4

label and why it important in surgery

Answer 4

allows clamping of the aorta to connect it to a hear-lung bypass machine

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

what are the groups f b vessels?

Answer 10

• veins
• arteries + arterioles
• capillaries

Question 11

what are types of arteries

Answer 11

• large (conducting )
• medium (distributing )

Question 12

conducting arteries what are they, examples ? their structure? whats special about them?

Answer 12

• aorta, brachiocephalic trunk (head, neck and upper limbs), carotid (head and neck), subclavian (upper limbs) iliac arteries (lower limbs)
• they contain more elastic and collagen fibres in theri walls allowing stretch and recoil in response to each pulse of blood
• they have their own oxygenated b supply= vaso vasorum (vessels of vessels)

Question 13

distributing arteries

Answer 13

• contain smooth muscle cells and so they maintain blood flow through musclular contractions to the arterioles and capillaries
• radial and femoral arteries maintain blood flow to the upper limbs and lower limbs in respec

Question 14

what must the CVS do as a whole

Answer 14

• maintain a 750ml.min-1 b flow to the brain at all times
• maintain constant b flow to the heart and kidney at all times
• deliver 5 and 25 l.min-1 of b to the body

Question 15

what controls the mechanism of b flow

Answer 15

• resistance vessels - arterioles and pre capillary sphincters

Question 16

what does the CVS doto cope with changes in cardiac output

Answer 16

• use the capacitance = store of b that can be used to cope with temporary imbalance between amount of b retruning to the heart and the amount required to pump out
• this store is the veins

Question 17

what causes the valves to close

Answer 17

• small backflow at the start of systole

Question 18

what are the nerves that can be seen in the DR in heart dsisection

Answer 18

-phrenic nerve ; made up of C345, supplies the pericardium and diaphram

Question 19

what are the layers of the pericardium

Answer 19

• visceral = inner serous layer
• parietal = outer fibrous layer

Question 20

where does the apex of the heart sit?

Answer 20

• 5th intercostal space midclavicular line on the left

Question 21

what forms the left right inferior and superior boarders of the heart?

Answer 21

• I= apical part of left ventricle and reight ventricle
• S= left and right ventricles hit beneath the pul trunch and aorta
• L= left A +ventricle
• R= R a

Question 22

Answer 22

transverse pericardial sinus

• finger posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 23

where do coronary arteries arise from

Answer 23

• right Ca= right aortic sinus
• LeftCA= left aortic sinus