intro computers

Question 1

the internet and web programming technologies are designed to be

Answer 1

portable

Question 2

portability

Answer 2

allows you to design web pages and applications that run across an enormous range of Internet-enabled devices

Question 3

client-side programming

Answer 3

technologies are used to build web pages and applications that are run on the client (in browser on users device)

Question 4

sever-side programming

Answer 4

the applications that respond to requests from client-side web applications (searching internet, checking bank account)

Question 5

web page

Answer 5

an html document that describes to a web browser the doc’s content and structure

Question 6

html docs normally contain

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hyperlinks

Question 7

hyperlinks

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when clicked load a specified web document

Question 8

T/F: only text may be hyperlinked

Answer 8

False: images and text

Question 9

when the user clicks a hyperlink,

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a web request is sent to a web server

Question 10

web server

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locates requested web page and sends it back to user’s web browser (make resources available)

Question 11

hyperlinks can reference

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other web pages, email addresses, files, and more

Question 12

if a hyperlink references a file that the browser is incapable of displaying,

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the browser prepares to download the file and prompts user for information about how file should be stored

Question 13

URIs

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Uniform Resource Identifiers, identify resources on the Internet

Question 14

URIs that start with http:// are called

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URLs (uniform resource locators)

Question 15

URL contains

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information that directs a browser to the resource user wishes to access

Question 16

HTTP

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HyperText Transfer Protocol is used to obtain resource

Question 17

after http in URL is the

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hostname

Question 18

hostname

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the name of the web-server computer on which the resource resides. computer is the host bc it houses and maintains resources

Question 19

hostname is translated into

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IP (internet protocol) address

Question 20

an internet Domain Name System (DNS) server

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maintains a database of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses and performs the translations automatically

Question 21

GET

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HTTP method indicating client wishes to obtain a resource from the server

Question 22

other than GET, a client request includes

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path name of resource and protocol’s name and version number (HTTP/1.1)
- can also contain required and optional headers

Question 23

404 not found means

Answer 23

web server could not locate requests resource

Question 24

2 most common HTTP request types

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GET and POST

Question 25

both GET and POST request types can

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send data from client to server

Question 25

POST request

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posts or sends data to server

Question 26

a GET request _________, while POST __________

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- appends data to URL - sends form data as part of HTTP message

Question 27

a GET request typically limits ______, so it's often necessary to ______ using POST

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- query string to specific number of characters - send large amounts of information

Question 28

POST method is sometimes preferred because it

Answer 28

hides submitted data from user by embedding it in HTTP message

Question 29

browsers often

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cache (save on disk) recently viewed web pages for quick reloading

Question 30

an HTTP response can indicate length of time for which

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content (cache) remains fresh

Question 31

browsers typically do not cache server's response to a POST request because

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next POST might not return same result

Question 32

web applications are often

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multitier applications (n-tier apps) that divide functionality into separate tiers

Question 33

bottom tier (data/info tier)

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maintains application's data typically in a relational database management system (RDBMS)

Question 34

middle tier

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acts as an intermediary between data in information tier and application's clients

Question 35

3 tier architecture

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browser (user interface/client tier), web server (business logic tier), database (data tier)

Question 36

controller logic

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processes client requests and retrieves data from database

Question 37

business logic

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enforces business rules and ensures data is reliable before application updates database/presents data to users

Question 38

presentation logic

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processes data from information tier and presents content to client

Question 39

3 logics of middle tier

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controller, business, presentation

Question 40

MVC

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model-view-controller

Question 41

Model _____ view, which _____ user, which ______ controller, which ________ model

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updates, sees, uses, manipulates

Question 42

model

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represents application data and business rules that govern data accessing and updates

Question 43

view

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renders user interface

Question 44

controller

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interprets user actions and maps them into actions in model/view

Question 45

client-side scripting can be used to:

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- validate user input - interact with browser - enhance web pages - add client/server communication between browser and web server

Question 46

client-side scripting uses

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computing resources of client

Question 47

client-side scripting limitations

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- browser dependency - restricted from arbitrarily accessing local hardware and file system for security reasons - source code can be viewed by client - sensitive info should not be on client side - operations on client can open web apps to security issues

Question 48

programmers have more flexibility with

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server-side scripts, which generate custom responses for clients

Question 49

server-side scripting languages have

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wider range of programmatic capabilities than client-side

Question 50

server-side limitations

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- consume resources on server - less efficient than client-side script - increases internet traffic

Question 51

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

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- devoted to developing nonproprietary, interoperable technologies for World Wide Web - makes web universally accessible - standards organization

Question 52

web technologies standardized by W3C are called

Answer 52

recommendations

Question 53

W3C recommendations

Answer 53

HTML5, CSS3, XML