Introduction

Question 1

Why would you want to check for a PFO in setting of VAD placement?

Answer 1

Paradoxical Emboli with VAD could and Right to Left Shunting

Question 2

What are 4 ways you can check for a right atrial appendage?

Answer 2

1. Look for thrombus
2. Color FLow Velocity
3. Pulse wave doppler
4. 3D Echo

Question 3

Why is Pulse wave doppler a great way to assess for left atrial appendage thrombus?

Answer 3

>55 m/s it has a 100% negative predictive value for thrombus

Question 4

What is a normal coronary sinus size?

Answer 4

<10 - 12 mm

Question 5

What is the clinical significance of a dilated coronary sinus?

Answer 5

Could have persistent SVC and therefore Retrograde Cardioplegia will not work