Introductory

Question 1

The number of people aged over 65 will rise from 390 million now to ____ million by 2025 reaching 10% of the total population.

Answer 1

800 million

Question 2

Average life expectancy at birth in:

1955 = ?
1995 = ?
2024 = ?

Answer 2

• 48 years
• 65 years
• 73 years

Over 5 billion people in 120 countries today have life expectancy of more than 60 years

Question 3

In 1997, of a global total of 52.2 million deaths,:

1. 17.3 million were due to…;
2. 15.3 million were due to…;
3. 6.2 million were due to…;
4. 2.9 million were due to…; and
5. 3.6 million were due to…;

Answer 3

1. infectious and parasitic diseases
2. circulatory diseases
3. cancer
4. respiratory diseases, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
5. perinatal conditions

Question 4

What are the leading causes of death from infectious diseases?

Answer 4

1. Acute lower respiratory infections (3.7 million),
2. tuberculosis (2.9 million),
3. diarrhoea (2.5 million),
4. HIV/AIDS (2.3 million) and
5. malaria (1.5-2.7 million).

Question 5

Most deaths from circulatory
diseases were…

Answer 5

1. coronary heart disease (7.2 million),
2. cerebrovascular disease (4.6 million),
3. other heart diseases (3 million)

Question 6

Leading causes of death from cancers were those of the…

Answer 6

1. lung (1.1 million),
2. stomach (765 000),
3. colon and rectum (525 000)
4. liver, (505 000), and
5. breast (385 000)

Question 7

What disease will remain as one of the leading causes of death worldwide

Answer 7

Cancer

Only onethird of all cancers can be cured by earlier detection combined with effective treatment.

Question 8

Cases and deaths of lung cancer and colorectal cancer will increase, largely due to ____ and ____ respectively.

Answer 8

smoking and unhealthy diet

but stomach cancer will become less common generally, mainly because of improved food conservation, dietary changes and declining related infection.

Question 8

Cervical cancer is expected to decrease further in industrialized countries due to ____

Answer 8

screening

The incidence is almost four times greater in the developing world.

Question 9

Cancer and heart disease are more related to the ____ age group than any other

Answer 9

70-75

people over 75 become more prone to impairments of hearing, vision, mobility and mental function.

Question 10

These are diseases that are prolonged, do not resolve spontaneously, and are rarely cured completely.

Answer 10

Chronic Illness

Characteristics:
* Permanent impairments or deviations from normal
* Irreversible pathologic changes
* Residual disability
* Special rehabilitation required
* Need for long-term medical and/or nursing management

Question 11

What Chronic Illnesses is this:

• Patient has to relinquish everyday life interests and activities, let go, and die peacefully.
• Immediate weeks, days, hours preceding death.

Answer 11

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 12

What Chronic Illnesses is this:

• Affects 1 in 5 people
• One of most common chronic illnesses

Answer 12

Arthritis

Question 12

What Chronic Illnesses is this:

2nd leading cause of death

Answer 12

Cancer

Question 13

What Chronic Illnesses is this:

• Affects many older adults
• 3rd leading cause of death

Answer 13

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 13

What Chronic Illnesses is this:

• Affects about 17 million adults
• Leading cause of death

Answer 13

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Question 13

What Chronic Illnesses is this:

• Affects >25.8 million Americans
• 7.0 million do not know they have the disease
• 7th leading cause of death

Answer 13

Diabetes

Question 13

What Chronic Illnesses is this:

Most common reason older adults are hospitalized

Answer 13

Heart Failure

Question 13

What Chronic Illnesses is this:

• Affects >35% of adults
• Major contributor to other health problems

Answer 13

Obesity

Question 13

What Chronic Illnesses is this:

• Affects about 7 million adults, 15%- 30% disabled
• 4th leading cause of death

Answer 13

Stroke

Question 14

What are the phases of “Chronic Illness Trajectory”

Answer 14

1. Onset
2. Stable
3. Acute
4. Comeback Crisis
5. Unstable
6. Downward
7. Dying

OSACUDD

Question 14

What phase of “Chronic Illness Trajectory” is:

• Active illness with severe and unrelieved symptoms or complications.
• Hospitalization may be required for management

Answer 14

Acute

Question 15

What phase of “Chronic Illness Trajectory” is:

• Unable to keep symptoms or disease course under control.
• Life becomes disrupted while patient works to regain stability.
• Hospitalization not required.

Answer 15

Unstable

Question 16

What phase of “Chronic Illness Trajectory” is:

• Signs and symptoms are present
• Disease diagnosed

Answer 16

Onset

Question 17

# What phase of "Chronic Illness Trajectory" is: Illness course and symptoms controlled by treatment regimen.

Answer 17

Stable

Question 18

# What phase of "Chronic Illness Trajectory" is: * Gradual return to an acceptable way of life. * Life-threatening situation occurs. * Emergency services are necessary.

Answer 18

Comeback Crisis

Question 19

Seven Tasks of People with Chronic Illness

Answer 19

1. Preventing and managing crisis 2. Carrying out prescribed treatment regimen 3. Controlling Symptoms 4. Reordering time 5. Adjusting to changes in course of disease 6. Preventing social isolation 7. Attempting to normalize interactions with others

Question 20

# What phase of "Chronic Illness Trajectory" is: * Patient has to relinquish everyday life interests and activities, let go, and die peacefully * Immediate weeks, days, hours preceding death.

Answer 20

Dying

Question 21

# What phase of "Chronic Illness Trajectory" is: * Gradual and progressive deterioration in physical or mentalstatus. * Accompanied by increasing disability and symptoms. * Continuous alterations in everyday life activities.

Answer 21

Downward

Question 22

An important task for those with chronic illnesses is to ____________ so that desired activities may be continued.

Answer 22

learn to control symptoms ## Footnote Patients and their families or caregivers need to learn about the pattern of symptoms, such as typical onset, duration, and severity, so that lifestyle can be changed accordingly

Question 22

What are the Characteristic of Treatment Regimens

Answer 22

1. Difficult 2. Time consuming 3. Painful or uncomfortable 4. Unsightly appearance 5. Slow rate of effectiveness

Question 23

What are the 3 Prevention of Chronic Illness

Answer 23

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary prevention

Question 24

# Prevention of Chronic Illness: – proper diet, proper exercise, and immunizations

Answer 24

Primary prevention

Question 25

# Prevention of Chronic Illness: refers to activities that limit disease progression, such as rehabilitation.

Answer 25

Tertiary prevention

Question 26

# Prevention of Chronic Illness: actions aimed at early detection of disease that can lead to interventions to prevent disease progression

Answer 26

Secondary prevention

Question 26

Phases of the Chronic Illness System in Applying the Nursing Process | 5 steps

Answer 26

* Step 1: Identifying Specific Problems and the Trajectory Phase * Step 2: Establishing and Prioritizing Goals * Step 3: Defining the Plan of Action to Achieve Desired Outcomes * Step 4: Implementing the Plan and Interventions * Step 5: Following Up and Evaluating Outcomes

Question 27

What does **SMARTEER** stands for?

Answer 27

* Specific * Measurable * Achievable * Relevant * Time-bound * Efficient * Effective * Rewarding

Question 28

It is a way of life for a group of people. It includes the behaviors, beliefs, values, traditions, and symbols that the group accepts, generally without thinking about them.

Answer 28

Culture

Question 29

Cultural Factors Affecting Health and Health Care:

Answer 29

1. Time Orientation 2. Language and Communication 3. Economic Factors 4. Health Care System 5. Beliefs and Practices

Question 30

Selected Religious Group with Health-Related Beliefs and Practices

Answer 30

1. Amish 2. Catholicism 3. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) 4. Hinduism 5. Islam 6. Jehovah’s Witness 7. Judaism 8. Seventh-Day Adventism 9. Buddhism

Question 31

What are the qualities as to How to Develop a Cultural Competence

Answer 31

1. Cultural Awareness 2. Cultural Knowledge 3. Cultural Skill 4. Cultural Encounter

Question 32

# Quality as to How to Develop a Cultural Competence: Ability to understand patient’s unique cultural needs.

Answer 32

Cultural Awareness

Question 33

# Quality as to How to Develop a Cultural Competence: * Process of learning key aspects of a group’s culture, especially as it relates to health and health care practices * Patients as the best source of information about their culture

Answer 33

Cultural Knowledge

Question 33

# Quality as to How to Develop a Cultural Competence: * Ability to collect relevant cultural data * Performance of a cultural assessment

Answer 33

Cultural Skill

Question 34

# Quality as to How to Develop a Cultural Competence: * Direct cross-cultural interactions between people from culturally diverse backgrounds * Extended contact with a cultural group to enhance understanding of its values and beliefs

Answer 34

Cultural Encounter

Question 34

4 Nursing Management: Reducing Health Disparities and Increasing Cultural Competency

Answer 34

1. Nurse’s self-assessment 2. Patient assessment 3. Cultural Assessment 4. Nursing Implementation