1
Q
Hypo
A
fixer
2
Q
Magnification will be zero
A
OFD zero
2
Q
Developer
A
sodium sulphite (m)
2
Q
Ammonium thiosulfite (At)
A
fixing agent
3
Q
Decrease kvp
A
increase contrast
4
Q
Increase SID
A
sharper image
5
Q
Control penumbra
A
Focal spot size
5
Q
Increase kvp
A
decrease contrast
5
Q
Shades of grey
A
phenidone
6
Q
Variation of densities
A
radiographic contrast
6
Q
Construction of entrance roller
A
rubberize plastic
7
Q
Total blackness
A
density / hydroquinon
8
Q
Principal Purpose of Intens. screen
A
reduce px dose
8
Q
B + Fog sensitometric films
A
+ 0.05
8
Q
Screen material
A
screen speed
9
Q
Brown stain
A
inadequate washing
9
Q
Center of radiographic film
A
sensitivity speck
9
Q
dye in intensifying screen
A
halation Halation (dye)
control lateral dispersion of light
9
Q
Optical densities
A
phenidone
9
Q
Construction of dryer roller
A
phenolic resin
10
Q
Optical D unexposed/develope film
A
0.18
11
Q
Significant increase collimation
A
kvp incr.
11
Q
Clearing unexposed silver halide
A
ammonium thiosulfate (fixer)
12
Q
Sensitivity to x ray light
A
speed
13
Emit light stimulated xrays
flouresence
14
After glow/screen lag
phosphoresence
15
Spread light beyond boundaries
halation
15
warped cassette
loose hindges / blurring
16
Grid cut off
density
17
Air gap technique
OID
18
thinner part
Anode
19
Expo. Technique change to 12:1 grid ratio
80kvp at 17mas
20
Intensity xray beam lesser on
anode side
20
Densities with little differences
density
20
Affects visibility of sharpness
distortion
20
Optical denisty of 1.0 -
10%
21
If 10 mas use with 500 speed
5
21
Decrease by 15%
double the Mas
21
Half 15%
half the MAS
22
Manual processing
hydroquinone
23
part thicker
cathode
24
Acts as buffer/Alkalinity
sodium carbonate
25
Zero optical denisty
100%
25
Optical density of 3%
0.1%
26
Fixed mas
variable kvp
27
Fixed kvp
variable mas
28
Advantage Fixed kvp
reduce patient dose
28
Using technique chart
part is measured accurately
29
Density fluctuation
artifacts
29
Disadvantage variable kvp
produce lower contrast
30
Safelight filters based on
film sensitivity
31
Silver recovery
electrolytic
32
Amount of light transmitted
optical density
33
Dirty intensifying screen
white spot mark Ph scale
34
Greatest enemy recorded detail
motion blur
34
Short scale contrast
high degree contrast
35
Remove low energy radiation
filter
36
Not charachterestic in radiographic film
light emission
36
Degrade visualization
patient motion
37
Double denisty
double kvp factor
38
Precise wavelegnth of light
phosphoresences
39
Processing artifact
curtain artifact
39
Use of intesifying screen
10x less radiation
40
Film stored long period of time
less than 60°c
40
Typical fog level of film
0.05
41
Unprocessed radiographic film
0.2
42
Film commonly used in conventional x-ray
par speed
43
Highest blackening
high kvp high ratiogrid
43
Inadequate washing
excess hyporetention
44
Artifact before processing
chemical fog
45
Supplemental density
artifacts
46
Maintain volume chemical activity
replenishment system
46
Fog level prior to exposure
0.2
46
Affect visibility of the detail
focal spot
47
Lead strips 0.25mm
16:1
47
Commonly use intensifying screen
calcium tungstate
48
Degree of black and white
contrast
49
Not related to recorder detail
motion
50
Layer of IS farthest of film
base
51
Light response outside stimulation
luminesence
51
Wet cast
15%
51
Kvp from 70-80
1/2 mas
51
Mas dry cast
15%
52
Kvp dry cast
10%
52
Orthopedic wet cast
3x increase 22%kvp
52
Phosphur used by roentgen
barium platinocyanide
53
Post mortem radiography
30-50mas
53
Major problem of grid
off focus of grid
53
Reduce radiographic contrast
intensifying screen
53
Lateral decentering
off center grid
53
Spring loaded type of grid
stationary
54
Simpliest type of grid
linear
54
Carried around the hospital grid
stationary
55
Difficult to manufactured and expensive
focused grid
56
Ratio of transmitted
selectivity
56
Dosage usage of grid
grid factor
57
Neutralize developer
activator
57
Potassium bromide
preservative
58
Sequestering agent
boric acid
59
Higher contrast improvemnt factor
crossed grid
60
Removes mettalic
schelates
61
Developemnt terminated
stop bath
62
Hardening of gelatine
fixing
63
Swelling of emulsion
wetting
64
Remove remaining silver halide
fixing
65
Removes excess chemical
washing
66
Ramdomness
quanttle mottle
67
Relationship of Optical D
h&d curve
cluster 1
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