Congress of Vienna 1815
Meeting of the Great Powers following the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte
Risorgimento
national uprising which comes from the Italian people
Federation
where all states of the peninsula could join together with a common leadership yet still retain some state freedoms
Reactionary
Returning to the ways of the past, linked with Conservative restored leaders
Progressive
favouring reform and more liberal ideas
Unification
turning a group of separate states into one united country
Radicalism
using extreme methods to make political gains
Jesuits
extreme catholics
Papal/Papacy
issues relating the the Pope
Republicanism
people have the right to vote for an elected leader, no monarch
Constitutional Monarchy
the monarch retains their role but is answerable to the people
Conservatism
Believing in traditions and resistant to changes
Liberalism
believe in reform, progress and individual freedoms
Nationalism
strong love of your country, which you want to be free from foreign rule
Metternich System
the use of censorship, fortress prisons, secret police, espionage and public executions to discourage liberalism and nationalism
Free Masonry
Men of usually a similar profession, that join in secret to discuss relevant issues
Carbonari
‘charcoal burners’, Southern group, about 5 percent of the adult male population, quite moderate liberals who want a constitution from the king
Spillo Negro
Anti Austrian and Anti Zealots
Federati and Adelfi
Northern group, moderate liberals who want a constitution from the king
Who was Metternich
the Austrian Chancellor in the 1830s
Peroquial
localised
what are some social barriers to unification
class divide; lack of rights; mix of education etc.; geographical divide; cultural divide; diversity of aims; lack of literacy; multicultural; language
economic barriers to unification
poverty; 90% of population were peasants; trade barriers; agrarian vs industrial; multiple currencies; pre-capitalist agricultural sector; trade links difference; lack of industry in the South
political barriers to unification
absolutism in Piedmont; quadrilateral; reactionary control; foreign control; military control; destruction of sicilian constitution; lack of nationalism; peroquial aims; lack of foreign support; Austria; the Church; lack of consensus; mix of rulers and so ruling styles
