Lab values for chloride
98-106
Lab values for potassium
3.5-5.0 important for cardiac functioning
Lab values for sodium
136-145 important for fluid balancing
Lab values for calcium
2.10-2.50
Lab values for magnesium
0.65-1.05
Lab values of normal blood sugar ranges
4-7
CBC values
RBC: 4.30-5.90
platelets: 150-400
Hbg: M:140-180, F: 120-160
How to calculate IV drip rate
Total volume (mls) X drop factor gtts/mls ÷ time (mins) =gtts/min
How to calculate flow rate calculation
Total volume (mls) ÷ time (hrs) = mls/hr
Purpose of IV fluids
To deliver medication, fluids, nutrients, directly into bloodstream giving rapid effect
Indications of IV
Patient is NPO
Before surgery
Dehydration
TPN
Electrolytes
Blood transfusions
For direct access to bloodstream
Facility protocols for changing IV tubing
96 hours
Facility protocols for changing IV dressing
Q 3-4 days
Facility protocols for changing IV site
Q 3-5 days
Facility protocols for changing IV fluids
Q 24 hrs (but bag usually empties before thst depending on doctor’s orders)
What is a hypotonic fluid and give examples
Hypo= hippo
So concentration is higher within the cell
Examples:
0.45% NS, 0.33% NS, D5W when infusing
What is hypertonic fluid
Hyper = skinny
Cell shrinks so fluid is higher outside the cell
Example:
3% NS, 5% NS, D10W
What is isotonic fluid
ISO = equal
Concentration is equal both inside and outside the cell
Example:
0.9%NS, Lactate ringers, D5W within the bag
What are colloids
Are large molecules like proteins that stay in the bloodstream to increase blood volume, often used in hospital settings (used for shock or blood loss)
Examples:
Plasma
Packed RBC
frozen RBC
What are crystalloids
are small molecules that can move quickly thru bloodstream to help replace fluids and maintain hydration (used for shock, electrolyte imbalance, and dehydration)
Examples Normal saline, lactate ringers
what is phlebitis s/s and NI
inflammation of the vein
S/S
- warmth
- redness
- swelling and tenderness around the vein
NI
- stop infusion
- start at another site (monitor old site)
- apply warm compresses
- notify physician (especially if infection present)
- document
what is infiltration s/s and NI
fluid leaks into surrounding tissue
s/s
- cool to touch
- tightness
- pale and puffy site
- edema may occur
NI
- stop the infusion
- relocate IV site and monitor old site for changes
- elevate affected limb on pillow to prevent swelling
- cool compress to reduce the swelling
- notify physician
- document
what are the s/s and NI for extravasation
toxic and damaging fluid like cancer medications or digoxin go into the surrounding tissue
s/s
- burning
- blistering
- pain
- tissue necrosis if left untreated
NI
- stop infusion
- call RN for help bc they will aspirate as much fluid as they can
- elevate affected limb and apply slight pressure
- give antidote if ordered
- outline affected area to monitor
- notify physician
- document
what are the s/s and NI for fluid overload
too much fluid being given
s/s
- bounding pulse
- edema
- crackles
- changes in LOC
NI
- stop IV
- relocate IV site and monitor old site for changes
- put pt in fowlers position to promote lung expansion
- administer diuretics
- monitor VS and neuro changes
- notify physician
- document
