IV Fluids

Question 1

Isotonic Fluid Names

Answer 1

1. Normal Saline- 0.9% NaCl
2. D5W
3. Lactated Ringer’s

Question 2

Isotonic Mechanism of Action

Answer 2

No Fluid Shift

Question 3

Isotonic Tx

Answer 3

1. Fluid loss (Dehydration) Due to:
   a. vomiting
   b. diarrhea
   c. surgical procedure-when BP is low

Question 4

Isotonic Adverse Effects

Answer 4

1. Fluid overload

Question 5

Isotonic Implication

Answer 5

1. Watch for signs of fluid overload
   a. Tachycardia
   b. Peripheral Edema
   c. Distended neck veins
   d. Dyspnea
   c. Cough

Question 6

Hypertonic Fluid Name

Answer 6

1. 3% NaCl

2. 5% Dextrose in NS

Question 7

Hypertonic Mechanism of Action

Answer 7

1. Water moves from cells & Interstitial space to plasma volume

Question 8

Hypertonic Fluid Tx

Answer 8

1. Cellular Edema
2. Cerebral Edema
3. Hyponatremia

Question 9

Hypertonic Adverse Effects

Answer 9

1. Hypertension

Question 10

Hypotonic Fluid Name

Answer 10

1. 0.45% NaCl

Question 11

Hypotonic Mechanism of Action

Answer 11

Water moves from plasma to interstitial space or cells

Question 12

Hypotonic Tx

Answer 12

1. Cellular dehydration

2. Hypernatremia

Question 13

Hhypotonic Adverse Effects

Answer 13

1. Hypotension

2. Peripheral Edema

Question 14

Hypotonic Contraindication

Answer 14

Pt c low BP

Question 15

Colloids Fluid Name

Answer 15

Dextran 40

Question 16

Colloids Mechanism of Action

Answer 16

1. Replaces fluid
2. Promotes excretion through urine (hypertonicsolution-water from cells to plasma)
3. Contains electrolytes
4. Molecules too large to pass through capillary membranes
5. Increase osmotic pressure

Question 17

Colloid Tx

Answer 17

1. Hypovolemic shock due to:
   a. Burns
   b. Hemorrhage
   c. Surgery

Question 18

Colloid Adverse Effects

Answer 18

1. HTN caused by plasma volume expansion
2. Signs of fluid overload
   a. Tachycardia
   b. Peripheral Edema
   c. Distended neck veins
   d. Dyspnea
   e. Cough

Question 19

Colloid Contraindication

Answer 19

1. Renal Failure
2. Severe Dehydration
3. CHF
4. Hypervolemic disorder

Question 20

Colloid Implication

Answer 20

1. Watch for signs of fluid overload

2. Monitor I&O’s

Question 21

Crystalloids Fluid Names

Answer 21

1. Normal Saline (0.9%)
2. Hypertonic Saline (3%)
3. Hypotonic Saline (0.45%)

Question 22

Crystalloids Mechanism of Action

Answer 22

1. Expands plasma volume
2. Draws water from intercellular & interstitial space to the plasma
3. Mostly Na+ but can contain dextrose

Question 23

Crystalloids Tx

Answer 23

1. Fluid loss due to:
   a. Vomiting
   b. Diahrrea
   c. Surgical procedures
2. Hypertonic solutions Tx cellular edema & cerebral edema
3. Hypotonic solutions Tx hypernatremia & cellular dehydration