1
Q
When does the theme of duality become fully evident to the reader?
A
Not until the final chapter (Jekyll’s Statement), though clues are hidden throughout.
2
Q
How does the timing of Hyde’s appearance support the theme of duality?
A
Hyde appears before Jekyll, reinforcing the perception that he is a separate entity rather than an alter-ego.
3
Q
What does Jekyll admit about his life before the potion?
A
That he lived a life of “profound duplicity.”
4
Q
How does Stevenson describe Jekyll to hint at his dual nature?
A
As “large, well-made” but with a “slyish cast,” suggesting a secretive and deceitful side.
5
Q
How does Jekyll’s conflict reflect Stevenson’s view of human nature?
A
It shows humans are multifaceted; Jekyll is not purely good, but a mix of high standards and malevolent yearnings.
6
Q
How is the city of London used to represent duality?
A
Contrasting affluent streets exist immediately next to areas of degradation and poverty.
7
Q
How does the physical house of Dr. Jekyll symbolize duality?
A
The front has an “air of wealth,” while the back (the laboratory) has an air of “sordid negligence.”
8
Q
What does the back door lead to, and what does it symbolize?
A
It leads to Hyde; it serves as a metaphor for the repulsive and hidden side of the psyche.
9
Q
How is Utterson’s appearance a contrast to his character?
A
He has a “rugged countenance” that never smiles, yet he is an “intense” and loyal friend.
10
Q
What is Stevenson’s intention regarding duality?
A
To show that everyone is capable of both good and evil, reflecting a society caught between the past and modernity.
11
Q
Theme 2: Good and Evil
A
12
Q
How does Jekyll view the composition of a human being?
A
Man is not truly one, but truly two.
13
Q
What does Jekyll call the bond between good and evil?
A
The “curse of mankind,” because the two parts are in direct, painful conflict.
14
Q
What does Hyde’s constant presence represent in the novella?
A
The pervasive power of evil and the depraved nature that can reside in anyone.
15
Q
Why do the victims—the young girl and Sir Danvers Carew—elicit such sympathy?
A
Because of their extreme innocence and “undeserving suffering” at the hands of Hyde.
16
Q
How does Stevenson use imagery to contrast Carew and Hyde?
A
Carew is “beautiful” with “white hair” (light/innocence); Hyde has “ape-like fury” (darkness/animalism).
17
Q
List four animalistic descriptions used for Mr. Hyde.
A
Savage,” “snarled,” “ape-like fury,” and “hardly human.
18
Q
Why does Stevenson use animal imagery for Hyde?
A
To suggest his predatory nature and his total separateness from human society.
19
Q
How is Hyde linked to religion?
A
He is associated with Hell and Satan; Jekyll explicitly refers to him as “my devil.”
20
Q
Why is Hyde’s evil left “somewhat undefined” by Stevenson?
A
To make the evil feel more pervasive, terrifying, and universal to the reader.
21
Q
What is Stevenson’s proposal regarding the “evil aspect of man”?
A
That it is merely suppressed by society, and attempting to separate it leads to catastrophe.
22
Q
Theme 3: Secrecy and Reputation
A
23
Q
What is the deepest secret in the novella?
A
The hidden relationship and shared identity between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
24
Q
Why must Jekyll maintain a “veneer of respectability”?
A
If his dark secret were exposed, it would result in his “utter ruination.”
25
How do Lanyon, Enfield, and Carew contribute to the atmosphere of secrecy?
Lanyon refuses to discuss his feud; Enfield and Carew don't explain why they are out so late at night.
26
What is Utterson’s primary motivation when he discovers the forged letter?
To protect Jekyll’s reputation and shield him from public disgrace.
27
What does Utterson say at the end to show his commitment to Jekyll’s "credit"?
I would say nothing of this paper... we may at least save his credit.
28
How do physical objects symbolize secrecy in the narrative?
Locked doors, barred windows, and sealed letters symbolize information that must not be revealed.
29
What does the "excellent" lock in Chapter 9 represent?
How deeply hidden and protected Jekyll’s secret is from being penetrated.
30
How is Pathetic Fallacy used to represent concealment?
The frequent use of "fog" creates an atmosphere where the truth is physically hidden.
31
What is Stevenson’s critique of Victorian reputation?
That it is based on outward appearance/hypocrisy rather than actual conduct.
32
What does the novella say about responsibility vs. respectability?
Characters often place the preservation of a "good name" above their moral responsibility to the truth.
33
Theme 4: Science and Religion
34
Why was Jekyll’s experiment particularly terrifying to Victorian readers?
Science was new and unpredictable; readers feared such experiments might actually be possible.
35
How does Jekyll's intelligence serve as a catalyst for the plot?
His inquiring mind leads him to question societal/religious taboos about the soul.
36
Why does Lanyon describe Jekyll’s work as "unscientific balderdash"?
Lanyon is a conventional/traditional scientist who finds Jekyll’s metaphysical work morally objectionable.
37
How does the feud between Lanyon and Jekyll impact their friendship?
They are unable to reconcile their views, leading to a total cessation of their "old-school" companionship.
38
What happens to Lanyon after he witnesses the transformation?
His belief in the laws of science is destroyed, leading to his physical and mental deterioration and death.
39
How is Utterson's character linked to Christian values?
He is "austere with himself," self-disciplined, and avoids "low" pleasures like the theatre.
40
What is the "moral" risk of Jekyll "playing God"?
By pushing the boundaries of science, he challenges "natural law" and faces divine-like punishment.
41
How does Sir Danvers Carew represent the "Old World"?
He is described with "old-world kindness," representing a tradition under threat by modern, dangerous science.
42
What is Stevenson’s "critique of science"?
He suggests that science without moral restraint can lead to the release of an uncontrollable evil.
43
What is the alternative interpretation of Jekyll's failure?
That harm is caused not by science itself, but by the repression of natural instincts.
44
Jekyll & Hyde: Theme-Linked Quote Deck
45
"The pink of the proprieties... celebrated too" (Ch 1)
REPUTATION / DUALITY: Establishes Jekyll’s perfect outward persona vs. his hidden "slyish" secrets.
46
"Aged and beautiful gentleman with white hair" (Ch 4)
GOOD vs EVIL / CONTRAST: Carew represents "old-world kindness" and innocence to contrast Hyde’s malice.
47
"Ape-like fury" (Ch 4)
EVIL / SCIENCE: Suggests Hyde’s "primitive" and "savage" nature, reflecting Darwinian fears of de-evolution.
48
"Man is not truly one, but truly two" (Ch 10)
DUALITY / GOOD vs EVIL: Jekyll’s core realization that human nature is innately divided.
49
"The thorough and primitive duality of man" (Ch 10)
DUALITY / SCIENCE: Jekyll acknowledges that the split is "thorough" (total) and "primitive" (natural).
50
"My devil had been long caged, he came out roaring" (Ch 10)
REPRESSION / RELIGION: Uses the religious "devil" to show the danger of suppressing natural instincts.
51
"Unscientific balderdash" (Ch 2)
SCIENCE / SECRECY: Lanyon’s rejection of Jekyll’s "transcendental" and mysterious scientific experiments.
52
"The ghost of some old sin" (Ch 2)
SECRECY / RELIGION: Utterson suspects Jekyll’s past is coming back to haunt him; links to "concealed disgrace."
53
"A great air of wealth and comfort" (The Front Door)
SETTING / DUALITY: Represents Jekyll’s "reputable" and affluent public-facing life.
54
"Sordid negligence" (The Back Door)
SETTING / DUALITY: Represents the "repugnant" Hyde and the "degradation" hidden behind the main house.
55
"Like some disconsolate prisoner" (Ch 7)
SECRECY / REPRESSION: Shows Jekyll trapped by his own secrets and inability to reconcile his two halves.
56
"God forgive us! God forgive us!" (Ch 7)
RELIGION / SCIENCE: Utterson’s reaction to the "terror" of seeing science break natural/religious law.
57
"I would say nothing of this paper... save his credit" (Ch 8)
REPUTATION / SECRECY: Utterson prioritizes "credit" (reputation) over the truth of Jekyll's "depravity."
58
"Hardly human... something troglodytic" (Ch 2)
SCIENCE / EVIL: Hyde is presented as a "primitive" creature outside of human society.
59
"The curse of mankind" (Ch 10)
RELIGION / DUALITY: Jekyll's belief that the conflict between good and evil is an inescapable, innate burden.
60
A square of ancient, handsome houses" vs "Soho
SETTING / DUALITY: Contrasts the affluent London streets with areas of "poverty" and "degradation."
61
"Austere with himself" (Ch 1)
REPRESSION / REPUTATION: Utterson’s self-discipline represents the "high moral standards" expected of a gentleman.
62
"Profound duplicity of life" (Ch 10)
DUALITY / SECRECY: Jekyll admits his life was based on hypocrisy and hidden "sinister desires."
63
"My life is shaken to its roots" (Ch 9)
SCIENCE / SECRECY: Lanyon’s total mental deterioration after seeing science challenge "natural law."
64
"The door was very strong, the lock excellent" (Ch 9)
SECRECY / SETTING: A metaphor for how deeply hidden Jekyll’s "dark secret" is from the world.
65
When is Dr Jekyll first introduced physically?
Not until Chapter III, though Hyde is described in Chapter I to separate their identities.
66
How is Jekyll initially described physically?
A "large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty" with a "slyish cast."
67
What does the "slyish cast" in Jekyll's description suggest?
Hints at a cunning, secretive, and deceitful nature beneath his respectable exterior.
68
What is Jekyll's scientific motivation?
To explore the duality (dichotomy) of human nature and understand the good and evil within.
69
Why did Jekyll's experiments concern Victorian readers?
They involved "modern science" that questioned societal beliefs and traditional religion.
70
Why do Jekyll and Lanyon have a "feud"?
Lanyon views Jekyll’s experiments as "unscientific balderdash" and morally objectionable.
71
What is the "ironic reversal of power" at the end of the novella?
Jekyll believes he is in control of the transformations, but ultimately Hyde becomes the dominant personality.
72
How does Jekyll's behaviour change as the novella progresses?
It becomes erratic and unpredictable; he becomes increasingly isolated and perturbed.
73
Why does Jekyll create Hyde?
It is argued he feels constrained by the strict demands of Victorian respectability.
74
Is Jekyll "wholly good"?
No; Stevenson presents him as a complex character whose "inner sinister desires" lead to his downfall.
75
Character Deck: Mr Edward Hyde
76
How is Hyde first presented to the reader?
Indirectly through Enfield’s account and Utterson’s nightmare, establishing him as elusive and villainous.
77
What is the significance of the phrase "trampled calmly"?
The juxtaposition of "calmly" and "trampled" establishes Hyde’s innate brutality and lack of remorse.
78
List four animalistic terms used to describe Hyde.
Savage," "snarled," "with ape-like fury," and "hardly human.
79
What does the word "troglodytic" imply about Hyde?
That he is caveman-like and de-evolved, linking to Victorian fears of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.
80
What "vague" description is used for Hyde’s appearance?
A "strong feeling of deformity" that is never specifically described, adding to the mystery.
81
How are the girl’s trampling and Carew’s murder similar?
Both happen at night, involve innocent victims, excessive violence, and are witnessed.
82
What does Hyde’s increasing brutality represent?
His character spiralling out of control and becoming the dominant personality over Jekyll.
83
What does Hyde represent in terms of social codes?
The dangers of repression and a criticism of conventional moral and social codes.
84
How does Hyde's nature affect others?
He invokes an immediate sense of "terror" and "repulsion" in everyone he meets.
85
What does Hyde's existence suggest about the "inner evil"?
That a depraved nature resides within everyone, waiting to be released.
86
Character Deck: Gabriel Utterson
87
How is Utterson’s personality described in Chapter I?
As having an "approved tolerance for others" and being "eminently human."
88
What is Utterson’s professional and social role?
A respectable lawyer and a "trustworthy, discreet and loyal friend" to Jekyll.
89
What is meant by Utterson being the "last good influence"?
He remains a friend to "down-going men" (those losing their reputation) until the end.
90
How does Utterson prioritize friendship over law?
He suspects a letter is forged but keeps it secret to protect Jekyll’s reputation.
91
What is the flaw in Utterson’s "rational" perspective?
He never suspects Jekyll and Hyde are the same person; he is fallible despite his intelligence.
92
How does Utterson’s behaviour change during the investigation?
He becomes more impulsive and brave, eventually breaking into the laboratory.
93
What is Utterson’s role in the narrative structure?
He is the main viewpoint through which the reader judges evidence and meets other characters.
94
How does the novella end for Utterson?
It ends with him reading two letters; his reaction and final actions are never revealed.
95
What is Utterson's attitude toward scandal?
He desperately tries to "avert any scandal" to protect his friend's social standing.
96
How is Utterson "austere with himself"?
He restricts his own pleasures (like the theatre) to maintain a respectable Victorian image.
97
Character Deck: Dr Hastie Lanyon
98
How is Lanyon initially described?
As a "hearty, healthy, dapper, red-faced gentleman" with a "boisterous manner."
99
How does Lanyon’s appearance change after meeting Hyde?
He becomes "pale," "balder and older," and has a "death-warrant" written on his face.
100
What is Lanyon’s view on Jekyll’s science?
He calls it "unscientific balderdash" and finds it dangerous/objectionable.
101
What makes Lanyon’s shock so fatal?
His belief in the fixed laws of science cannot reconcile the supernatural transformation he witnesses.
102
What does Lanyon mean by "My life is shaken to its roots"?
His entire understanding of the world and human nature has been destroyed.
103
What is Lanyon's role in the narrative?
He is the "conventional" foil to Jekyll and the only character to witness the transformation directly.
104
Character Deck: Minor Characters
105
How does Enfield contrast with Utterson?
He is "wholly uninterested" and indifferent to the moral implications of Hyde’s behaviour.
106
What is Enfield’s role in the plot?
He instigates Utterson’s investigation by telling the "Story of the Door."
107
What does Stevenson hint about Enfield’s character?
That despite his "exterior of a gentleman," he may have his own "sinister secrets."
108
How is Sir Danvers Carew described?
As having "old-world kindness" and being a "model Victorian gentleman."
109
What does Hyde’s attack on Carew symbolize?
An attack on the key values of Victorian society (tradition, MP status, politeness).
110
Who is Mr Poole?
Jekyll’s faithful and honest servant who prioritizes his master’s safety and discretion.
111
"Who Said It?" & Character Identity Challenge
112
I am quite done with that person; and I beg that you will spare me any allusion to one whom I regard as dead.
Dr. Lanyon (Referring to Jekyll after witnessing the transformation).
113
If he be Mr. Hyde, I shall be Mr. Seek.
Mr. Utterson (Showing his persistent and inquisitive nature).
114
The moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr. Hyde.
Dr. Jekyll (Showing his fatal hubris and false sense of control).
115
I incline to Cain’s heresy... I let my brother go to the devil in his own way.
Mr. Utterson (Explaining his "approved tolerance" for others' downfalls).
116
O God, Utterson, what a lesson I have had!
Dr. Jekyll (In Chapter V, acting as a penitent sinner after the Carew murder).
117
I have brought on myself a punishment and a danger that I cannot name.
Dr. Jekyll (Highlighting the theme of secrecy and his "chief of sufferers" status).
118
He began to go wrong, wrong in mind... such unscientific balderdash.
Dr. Lanyon (Explaining the scientific feud between him and Jekyll).
119
I would say nothing of this paper. If your master has fled or is dead, we may at least save his credit.
Mr. Utterson (To Poole, showing his priority is protecting reputation).
120
That child of Hell had nothing human; nothing lived in him but fear and hatred.
Dr. Jekyll (In his Full Statement, describing the nature of Hyde).
121
It was for one minute that I saw him, but the hair stood upon my head like quills.
Mr. Poole (Describing the "thing" in the mask to Utterson).
122
Character Identity: "Name the Character"
123
Who is described as "the last reputable acquaintance... of down-going men"?
Mr. Utterson.
124
Who is a "hearty, healthy, dapper, red-faced gentleman" in Chapter II?
Dr. Lanyon.
125
Who is described as having "an old-world kindness of disposition"?
Sir Danvers Carew.
126
Who "trampled calmly over the child’s body"?
Mr. Hyde.
127
Who is a "smooth-faced man of fifty, with something of a slyish cast"?
Dr. Jekyll.
128
Who is the "faithful and honest servant" who breaks down the laboratory door?
Mr. Poole.
129
Who describes the "Story of the Door" and is a "distant relative" of Utterson?
Mr. Enfield.
130
Whose "life is shaken to its roots" by the discovery of the truth?
Dr. Lanyon.
131
Who is a "Member of Parliament" and a "distinguished" victim?
Sir Danvers Carew.
132
Who is the "manifestation of evil" who "snarled aloud into a savage laugh"?
Mr. Hyde.
133
Context & Structure Cards (The "Why")
134
Why does Stevenson introduce Hyde before Jekyll?
To ensure the reader perceives them as separate entities/identities first.
135
What is the structural effect of ending with Jekyll's letter?
It leaves the resolution in the past tense, adding mystery as we never see Utterson's reaction.
136
How does the "Epistolary" form (letters) impact the theme of Secrecy?
It creates a "fragmented" narrative where the full truth is hidden in locked envelopes.
137
Why is Carew's murder a "turning point"?
It moves Hyde from a "moral nuisance" to a "legal criminal," forcing Jekyll into total isolation.
138
What is the effect of having a "Rational" narrator like Utterson?
It makes the supernatural elements more terrifying because they are seen through a logical lens.
139
Industrial Revolution & London Setting
140
How much did London's population grow during the 19th century?
From 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million in 1900.
141
How did the Industrial Revolution affect London's air quality?
Factories and railroads filled the air with heavy pollution and "choking fog."
142
What does the "choking fog" symbolize in the novella?
Mystery, secrecy, and the "shroud" covering the city's dark side.
143
How does the setting of London reflect "stark inequality"?
Affluent, luxurious streets exist directly next to areas of squalid degradation and poverty.
144
Why was the large population of London a popular Gothic theme?
It suggested that sinister individuals could remain "hidden in plain sight" among the millions.
145
Victorian Repression & Reputation
146
What were the core values promoted by Queen Victoria?
Duty, seriousness, hard work, and strict self-control.
147
Define "Victorian Repression" in the novella.
The need to suppress inner desires and instincts to maintain a respectable public persona.
148
How does Jekyll represent the "Gentleman's Hypocrisy"?
He maintains a respectable professional life while secretly indulging "malevolent acts."
149
What was the "Gentleman's Debate" regarding birthright?
Whether being a gentleman was based on aristocracy (birth) or acquired through success and civility.
150
How does Utterson represent the "Model Victorian"?
He is "austere with himself" and suppresses his own pleasures to maintain his "credit."
151
Psychology & Physiognomy
152
What was the Victorian science of "Physiognomy"?
The belief that a person’s facial features and physical characteristics revealed their morality.
153
How does Hyde's appearance support the theory of Physiognomy?
He is described as "deformed" and "repulsive," signaling his inner evil to others.
154
How does Stevenson contest the theory of Physiognomy?
By revealing that the "smooth-faced" Jekyll and "vile" Hyde are actually the same person.
155
What was the significance of "insane asylums" in this era?
They reflected a growing Victorian interest in treatments for "madness" and the human psyche.
156
How does Jekyll’s experiment link to 19th-century psychology?
It explores "psychological duality"—the idea that the mind has two conflicting parts.
157
Science vs. Religion (Evolution)
158
What was the "Victorian Crisis of Faith"?
A period where new scientific ideologies (like Darwinism) challenged traditional religious beliefs.
159
How does Charles Darwin’s theory link to Mr. Hyde?
Hyde is described as "ape-like" and "troglodytic," reflecting fears of "evolutionary regression."
160
What was the "Atavistic Fear" in Victorian society?
The anxiety that humans might return to a primitive, "savage" state.
161
How does Dr. Lanyon represent "Orthodox" science?
He aligns his scientific beliefs with Christian morality and is horrified by "playing God."
162
What is the significance of the phrase "my devil"?
It links the novella to Christian theology, suggesting all humans contain an innate capacity for evil.
163
The Gothic Genre & Authorial Intent
164
What are the key elements of the Gothic genre found in the novella?
Confinement, supernatural occurrences, and an atmosphere of horror.
165
How does Hyde fit the "Gothic Monster" trope?
He is physically repulsive, morally depraved, and persecutes the innocent.
166
What is the "Haunted by the Past" Gothic convention?
The idea that secret "old sins" (like Jekyll’s) will eventually return to destroy the present.
167
What was Stevenson’s intent regarding "Repression"?
To show that suppressing natural urges will eventually lead to a violent and harmful "explosion."
168
What was Stevenson’s intent regarding "Reputation"?
To critique a society that values "outward appearance" over genuine "conduct."
169
Context & Quotation Links (Eduqas Paper 1)
170
"A great chocolate-coloured pall lowered over heaven" (Ch 4)
INDUSTRIAL LONDON: The "pall" (coffin cloth) and "chocolate" fog reflect the heavy pollution of the Industrial Revolution.
171
Cramped and squalid conditions" (Context) vs. "Great air of wealth
SOCIAL DIVIDE: The contrast between Jekyll's "wealthy" house and the "sordid" laboratory reflects London's stark class inequality.
172
"A dismal screech, as of mere animal terror" (Ch 8)
DARWINISM: Hyde's non-human sounds reflect Victorian fears of de-evolution and "reverting" to a primitive state.
173
Ape-like fury" / "Troglodytic
EVOLUTION: These terms link to Darwin’s 'Descent of Man,' suggesting Hyde is a de-evolved, "savage" ancestor.
174
"Smooth-faced man... with something of a slyish cast" (Ch 3)
PHYSIOGNOMY: Stevenson uses Jekyll’s "smooth" face to show how respectability can hide a "secretive and deceitful" nature.
175
Strong feeling of deformity... although I couldn't specify the point
PHYSIOGNOMY: Hyde's undefined deformity suggests his "evil" is so deep it defies 19th-century scientific measurement.
176
"I concealed my pleasures" (Ch 10)
REPRESSION: Jekyll’s admission highlights the "strict nature of Victorian society" and the need to suppress inner desires.
177
"My devil had been long caged, he came out roaring" (Ch 10)
REPRESSION / RELIGION: Suggests that "suppressing an element of character" only makes it more "malevolent" and powerful.
178
"The thorough and primitive duality of man" (Ch 10)
PSYCHOLOGY: Reflects the Victorian interest in the "inner workings of the human psyche" and psychological "dichotomy."
179
"My life is shaken to its roots" (Ch 9)
SCIENCE vs RELIGION: Lanyon’s death shows the "moral consequences of tampering with nature" and playing God.
180
"Unscientific balderdash" (Ch 2)
SCIENCE: Reflects the feud between "conventional science" (Lanyon) and "modern/metaphysical" exploration (Jekyll).
181
"Large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty" (Ch 3)
REPUTATION: Represents the "model Victorian gentleman" who must adhere to the "highest standards of behaviour."
182
"I would say nothing of this paper... save his credit" (Ch 8)
REPUTATION: Shows Utterson placing "respectability" and "credit" above his "responsibility" to the law.
183
"An aged and beautiful gentleman with white hair" (Ch 4)
GOOD vs EVIL: Carew represents "old-world kindness," while Hyde represents the "unrestrained nature" of modern evil.
184
"The man trampled calmly over the child’s body" (Ch 1)
GOTHIC HORROR: The juxtaposition of "calmly" and "trampled" reflects the "callous" and "repugnant" nature of the Gothic monster.
185
"Like a district of some city in a nightmare" (Ch 4)
GOTHIC SETTING: Use of "nightmare" and "fog" creates the "claustrophobic" and "sinister" atmosphere of Gothic London.
186
"The door was very strong, the lock excellent" (Ch 9)
SECRECY: A metaphor for how "sinister individuals" and their "dark secrets" remained "hidden" in overcrowded Victorian London.
187
"If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also" (Ch 6)
RELIGION: Jekyll uses the language of "Christian teachings" to express his "moral and ethical" torment.
188
"Distant relative... exterior of a gentleman" (Enfield)
HYPOCRISY: Stevenson hints that even "respectable" men like Enfield have "sinister secrets" they keep during their "night walks."
189
"A rugged countenance that was never lighted by a smile" (Utterson)
RESTRAINT: Utterson represents the Victorian "self-control" and "dignified manner" expected of bachelors.
GCSE
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