Joints

Question 1

what are the 3 main types of joints

Answer 1

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial joints

Question 2

what do joints divide into

Answer 2

solid joints (fibrous and cartilaginous)
cavitated joints (synovial joints)

Question 3

what is the largest category of joints

Answer 3

• Cavitated joints such as synovial joints are the largest category of joints as these give movement

Question 4

list some fibrous joints

Answer 4

• frontal coronal sutures - sutures are junctions that are completely filled by a minimal amount of fibrous tissue
  syndesmosis - a band of fibrous tissue between the ulna and radius that stops the bones from separating

Question 5

name the cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

• you have primary cartilaginous joints called SYNCHONDROSIS,this is united by hyaline cartilage and allows growth for example epiphyseal growth plate, when this closes up during adulthood growth stops
• secondary cartilaginous called SYMPHYSIS- this is in the vertebrae in between the intervertebral discs, united by fibrocartilage, these are good shock absorbers

Question 6

Name the 6 types of synovial joints

Answer 6

1. ball and socket
2. hinge
3. plane
4. saddle
5. condyloid
6. pivot

Question 7

describe a synovial joint

Answer 7

• synovial joints are united by a joint articular capsule = fibrous capsule and synovial membrane
• bones surface is covered by articular cartilage which is the shock absorber and protection
• joint cavity contains synovial fluid and is produced by a synovial membrane
• ligaments joint bone to bone
• provide a lot of movement

Question 8

what is a joint

Answer 8

a joint is an union or junction between two or more bones

Question 9

describe fibrous joints

Answer 9

• articulating bones are joined together by fibrous tissue

- amount of movement is dependent on the length of fibre

Question 10

ball and sockets

Answer 10

• mutiaxial movement - allow movement in multiple axes and plane
• flexion, extension, abduction and adduction medial and lateral, rotation and circumduction
• shoulder and hip joints

Question 11

hinge joint

Answer 11

• uniaxial joint - allows movement in one direction only
• allows flexion and extension
• knee and elbow

Question 12

pivot joints

Answer 12

• rotation around a central axis
• uniaxial
• C1-C2 alantoaxial joint in the neck

Question 13

plane joint

Answer 13

• multiaxial
• flat surface
• permit gliding and sliding movements
• movements are prohibited by joint capsule
• acrominoclavicular and intercarpal are examples

Question 14

condyloid joints

Answer 14

• oval shaped end of one bone fitting into a similarly oval-shaped hollow of another bone
• bilaxial - flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
• movement in one plane is greater than in the other
• circumduction is possible but is restricted
• metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 15

saddle joints

Answer 15

• represents a saddle
• concave and convex portions
• abduction and adduction
• flexion and extension
• biaxial
• carpometacarapl joint which is between carpal bone (scaphoid) and metacarpal bone of the thumb

Question 16

is there a small amount of movement allowed at the cartilaginous joint

Answer 16

yes