The skeleton

Question 1

what are the two divisions of the skeleton

Answer 1

axial and appendicular

Question 2

how many bones is the axial skeleton made up of

Answer 2

80 bones across the longitudinal axis

Question 3

what is the axial skeleton made up of

Answer 3

Made up of the skull, ribs sternum and vertebrae

Question 4

what is the axial skeletons aim

Answer 4

• Aim is to support and protect,
• Vertical column protects spinal cord, ribcage protects heart and lungs and some abdominal organs such as the liver, spleen and kidney

Question 5

what is the axial thorax made up of

Answer 5

sternum and ribs

Question 6

describe the 3 parts of the sternum

Answer 6

• The sternum is divided into 3 bones
• The manubrium
• the body
• the xiphoid

Question 7

what are the true ribs

Answer 7

1-7 these connect directly to the sternum by cartilage

Question 8

what are the false ribs and what are the divisions of the false ribs

Answer 8

8-12
- divide into the vertebronchondral ribs which are 8-12 these connect by common cartilage indirectly to the sternum and floating ribs 11-12 these do not connect to the sternum

Question 9

where is the angle in the sternum

Answer 9

• You count the ribs from bone 2 where there is an angle between the manubrium and body of the sternum, cannot count rib 1 because it sits under the calvicle
• T4/T5

Question 10

describe the axial skeletons vertebral column

Answer 10

• Interlocked with each other and stacked to each other
• Have joints with the ribs in the thorax, ribs have joints with the vertebra in the thorax
• Designed to be supportive and flexible at the same time
• C1 (Atlas) sits at the top of the skull and this matches with the foramen magnum, allowing the passage of the spinal cord down the vertebrae column
• There are interverbal foremen holes these are the exit points for nerves to and from the peripheral nerves (PNS) to go into the spinal cord and communicate with the brain/ have motor neurones leaving through the interverbal foreman holes to the muscles and glands to elicit a response

Question 11

what is the main aim of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 11

• locomotion – they are for movement and manipulating objects in space then moving them around

Question 12

what is the appendicular skeleton made up of

Answer 12

upper and lower limb

Question 13

how many bones does the appendicular skeleton has

Answer 13

has 126 bones

Question 14

where is the connection point between the axial and appendicular skeleton

Answer 14

sternoclavicular joint

Question 15

what are the bones in the upper limb

Answer 15

• pectoral girdle – clavicle, scapula,
• humerus – upper arm,
• radius and ulna – forearm (the radius is lateral),
• carpals (8)– wrist,
• metacarpals (5) – hand
• phalanges(14) which is the fingers

Question 16

what bone does the ulna connect to

Answer 16

little finger bone on the medial side

Question 17

what bone does the radius connect to

Answer 17

thumb bone on the lateral side

Question 18

what are the two carpals

Answer 18

scaphoid and lunate, these articulate with the radius

Question 19

why are there only 14 phalanges

Answer 19

thumb only has two phalanges (distal and proximal), the rest of the fingers have 3 phalanges – distal, middle and proximal

Question 20

what bones is the lower limb made up of

Answer 20

• pelvis (sacrum),
• femus – thigh,
• tibia and fibula – lower leg,
• tarsals(7)- ankle,
• metatarsals(5) – foot,
• phalanges (14) – toes

Question 21

what is the lower limb aim

Answer 21

movement and support

Question 22

describe the femur

Answer 22

longest bone in the body it articulates at the hip joint with the pelvis, goes down to the knee meeting the tibia and fibula

Question 23

describe the tibia and fibula

Answer 23

• Tibia bigger bone and stronger bone, medial side goes towards big toe
• Fibula – acts as a brace, it is on the lateral side of the leg and goes towards little toe section

Question 24

what are the two tarsals

Answer 24

the talas and calcaneus (heel bone)

- talas is above the calcareous

Question 25

what does the patella do

Answer 25

- Patella act as protection for tendons, tend to get damaged, goes over the joint to protect and strengthen it

Question 26

what is the point of the upper limb

Answer 26

- not involved in motility or weight bearing therefore its stability has been sacrificed for mobility

Question 27

what is the pectoral girdle

Answer 27

the set of bones which connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side

Question 28

describe the pelvic girdle

Answer 28

- bony circle composed of the sacrum and right and left hip bones - joint anteriorly at the pubic symphysis - attaches free lower limb to axial skeleton - built for stability, weight bearing and locomotion made up of the - illieum - iliac - pubis

Question 29

does the clavicle hold the scapula away from the thorax

Answer 29

true

Question 30

what are tuberosities

Answer 30

this is the place where the muscle attach

Question 31

what runs between the greater and lesser tubercles

Answer 31

- bicipital groove

Question 32

what is the obturator foramen bound by

Answer 32

ischium and pubic bones

Question 33

what do we sit on

Answer 33

ischial tuberosities