Joints

Question 1

Definition and example of synarthroses

Answer 1

• no movement
• joined by tough fibrous tissue
• edges of bones are dovetailed into one another

Sutures of the skull

Question 2

Definition and example of amphiarthroses

Answer 2

• slight movement is possible
• covered by hyaline cartilage.
• a pad of fibrocartilage lies between the bone surfaces and there are fibrous ligaments to hold bones and cartilages in place.
• act as shock absorbers

Intervertebral discs, pelvic girdle

Question 3

Definition and example of diarthroses

Answer 3

• freely movable
• ligaments are of elastic connective tissue.

Most joints

Question 4

Features and types of fibrous joints

Answer 4

-immovable or permit slight degree of movement.

1. Sutures
2. Syndesmosis
3. Gomphosis

Question 5

Features, types and examples of sutures

Answer 5

• only in skull
• the sutural side of each bone is covered by a later of osteogenic cells/cambial layer, covered by a capsular layer which is continuous with the periosteum
• sutures may synostose as age advances

TYPES:

1. PLANE
2. SERRATE
3. SQUAMOUS
4. DENTICULATE
5. SCHINDYLESIS

Applied: Anterior fontanelle is used to judge the hydration of the infant. Fontanelles become bones by 18 months.

Question 6

Examples of plane sutures

Answer 6

Internasal suture

Straight line

Question 7

Example of serrate suture

Answer 7

Interparietal sagittal suture

Crooked line

Question 8

Example of squamous suture

Answer 8

Temporo parietal suture

Slanting line

Question 9

Example of denticulate suture

Answer 9

Lambdoid suture between parietal and occipetal

Like jigsaw with square holes

Question 10

Example of SCHINDYLESIS suture

Answer 10

Between rostrum of sphenoid and upper border of vomer

Wedge and groove

Question 11

Definition and example of syndesmosis

Answer 11

• fibrous Union between bones
• interosseous ligament (inferior tibiofibular joint/talocalcanean ligament)
• tense membrane (posterior part of sacroiliac joint)