Jung

Question 1

Jungs Three levels of the psyche

Answer 1

1. Consciousness (ego): responds to the world
2. Personal unconscious: where repressed experiences and desires reside
3. Collective unconscious: impersonal and universal. Produced primordial religions.

Question 2

Jung quote on making the unconscious conscious

Answer 2

“Until you make the unconscious conscious, it will direct your life and you will call it fate.”

Question 3

According to jung, what is the collective unconscious?

Answer 3

A universal collection of images and symbols that all humans share. This adds to peoples symbols in religions.

Question 4

What is the literal definition for archetype?

Answer 4

Original pattern

Question 5

What do archetypes refer to?

Answer 5

Symbolic forms which all people share in their unconscious

Question 6

Michael Palmer quote on archetypes being primordial?

Answer 6

“Archetypes are those pre-existent forms or primordial types that have existed since the remotest times of humanity.”

Question 7

Did Jung believe that the archetypes where a prior?

Answer 7

Yes, he believed that they were gained prior to experience (the mother, the hero).

Question 8

Who does Jung rely on heavily with his work on archetypes?

Answer 8

Immanuel Kant since that he believed that the brain has a priori categories.

Question 9

What did Kant believe about the brain’s a priori categories?

Answer 9

That someone cannot come to have knowledge of something itself but rather interpretation through these categories.

Question 10

Explain Kant’s organisation of the realm of things

Answer 10

Differentiated the noumenon (Things “in themselves” not influenced by the senses and impossible to know) and the phenomenon (a prior categories we perceive them through).

Question 11

What did Junng draw from Kants interpreation of the noumenon and the phenomenon?

Answer 11

That, since all humans have the same archetypes then they are likely to form the same things about God

Question 12

What is a reoccurring symbol in religions that Jung said was due to the collective unconscious?

Answer 12

God being seen as light

Question 13

What are the five most important archetypes to Jung?

Answer 13

1. Persona 2. Shadow 3. Anima 4. Animus 5. Self

Question 14

Explain the persona

Answer 14

What we show to the world - our mask. Where we hide parts of our character in which we don’t like and show the parts that we want people to see.

Question 15

Jung quote on the persona

Answer 15

“The persona is a very fruitful source of neurosis”.

Question 16

Explain the shadow

Answer 16

Made up of parts in which we do not think are appropriate to show society.

Question 17

Jung quote on the shadow

Answer 17

The shadow is “everything that the subject refuses to acknowledge about himself and yet is always thrusting itself upon him directly or indirectly”.

Question 18

Michael Palmer on the shadow

Answer 18

“Just as we usually experience our shadow through someone else , so we experience our own attributes of the opposite s`ex through another person.”

Question 19

Examples of the shadow

Answer 19

Seen as evil (Satan, Voldemort)

Question 20

What is the anima?

Answer 20

Feminine side of the man

Question 21

What is the animus?

Answer 21

Masculine side of the woman

Question 22

Anima/animus in attraction to sexes

Answer 22

The woman that the man is attracted to will have the characteristics of his anima and vise versa.

Question 23

What do both the anima and animus need to be in?

Answer 23

Balance

Question 24

What is the most important archetype

Answer 24

The self

Question 25

Self in relation to God

Answer 25

It is seen as the God within

Question 26

Where does the self reveal itself and where can it be seen

Answer 26

Reveals itself in dreams and visions and can be seen in power (kings and queens, religious figures (Christ), and religious symbols (mandala)

Question 27

what is individuation?

Answer 27

The gradual integration and unification of the self through the resolution of successive layers of psychological conflict.

Question 28

Michael Palmer quote on Jung's individuation

Answer 28

"Jung calls the process by which the individual integrates the conscious and unconscious parts of the personality the process of individuation."

Question 29

What can prevent the process of individuation?

Answer 29

Influences of parents, education etc

Question 30

What archetype must be embraced in order for individuation to occur?

Answer 30

The shadow

Question 31

How does Jung split up the life of the person to show when individuation occurs?

Answer 31

The first portion of our life (0-40) is about developing a socially acceptable persona. The second half 40+ is about embracing ourselves and asking philosophical and spiritual questions

Question 32

Jung quite on differentiating the self from God

Answer 32

"The self can be distinguished only conceptually from what is know as "God"

Question 33

Quote showing that the self doesn't replace God

Answer 33

"How could any sane man suppose he could displace God"

Question 34

Individuation as a religious process

Answer 34

1. occurs when we get older 2. Both having the goals of totality and unity

Question 35

Archetypal symbol that can be seen in the christian tradition

Answer 35

1. Christ - He is perfect but lacks a shadow. The separation of God and Christ at his birth symbolises us being separated from our parents at birth. His death symbolises the death of our ego in order to become a better self.

Question 36

Jung quote on the mandala

Answer 36

the mandala is a "premonition of a centre of personality, a kind of centre point within the psyche, this centre is the self."

Question 37

What is individuation a quest to find?

Answer 37

The "God within" and to become a full individual.

Question 38

Jung link to rudolf otto

Answer 38

Idea of the numinous being an "awe-inspiring experience which makes the individual feel in communion with the "wholly other"

Question 39

Jung quote about people asserting things about an external God's existence

Answer 39

"Nothing positive has thus been asserted about the possible existence of God any more than the archetype of a hero proves the existence of an actual hero."

Question 40

What did jung believe that religion does to the personality?

Answer 40

It helps the person develop a personality

Question 41

Who was the Jesuit theologian that praised Jung and what did he say?

Answer 41

Raymond Hostie - "Jung has rediscovered the religious and the sacred and got rid of an overwhelming rationalism."

Question 42

Who was the theologian which commented on jungs views on the soul and what did he say?

Answer 42

Paul Tillich - "Jung is one who knows so much about the depths of the human soul."

Question 43

Who was the Jungian that commented on jung's attempts to allow us to know God

Answer 43

Charles Hanna - "By studying jung we can gain insight into the ways by which men become aware of God"

Question 44

Michael Palmer commenting on the criticism of jungs views

Answer 44

"Although jung's theories are perhaps less sensational than those of freud, they have nonetheless been seriously crticised."

Question 45

What did jung say about "asian minds" and how they help themsleves

Answer 45

They are more connected to myths through yoga and meditation and their traditions function as a psychotherapy. This means that they already integrate these archetypes

Question 46

Criticism: the theory of archetypes being unnecessary

Answer 46

Geza rohiem says that since all humans share the same experience it is not surprising that they construct similar myths. Also a lot of religious myths come from specific communities which seems more likely than having a collective unconscious. Therefore, he isnt justified in saying humans have an instinct for God. Additionally, some people don't believe in God. Jung countered this by saying atheism was a religion.

Question 47

Criticism: religious experience isn’t just any vision

Answer 47

Michael Buber says that any experience that takes place in the mind and not external to the person is not a religious experience. Also, this wouldn’t class as a religious experience as some people wouldn’t agree with Jungs analogy as Jesus as the self. This doesn’t work since Christian’s would think that Jesus is more than this and also looking for the self isn’t religious.

Question 48

Criticism: reductionism

Answer 48

Reducing religion to just archetypes harms it. Father Victor White says: “I think that the friendliness of Jung presents a far more serious and radical challenge to religion as it we know it than the harshness of Freud ever did.”

Question 49

Name two of jungs main works on archetypes

Answer 49

Man and his symbols (1964) Archetypes and the collective unconscious (collective work)

Question 50

Jungs writing on Job (work)

Answer 50

Answer to Job 1952