CERP- Study Guide > Kaneps Study Guide > Flashcards

Kaneps Study Guide Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Hoof growth

A

detaching, shifting, and reattaching connections between primary and secondary epidermal lamellae

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2
Q

distal sesamoidean ligaments

A
  • intersesamoidean
  • collateral sesamoidean
  • cruciate
  • oblique
  • straight
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3
Q

annular ligaments

A

palmar annual
proximal digital annular
distal annular

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4
Q

middle scutum

A

fibrocartilaginous extension of prox palamr P2
bearing surface
stabilizes palmar aspect of pastern

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5
Q

extensor tendon insertion

A

proximolateral P1 and extensor process P3

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6
Q

flexor tendon insertion

A

SDFT: medial and lateral P1 and middle scutum
DDFT: palmar P3

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7
Q

suspensory ligament insertion

A

abaxial surface of sesamoid bones
extensor branches join common extensor tendon

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8
Q

Distal sesamoidean ligaments

A
  • X– cruciate or deep: base of sesamoids, to prox palmar P1
  • V– oblique or middle: base of sesamoids to ridges on palmar P1
  • Y – straight or superficial: base of sesamoids to middle scutum
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9
Q

dorsal metacarpal disease

A

“too much work too fast”
high strain cyclic fatique results in new bone growth,
most important treatment is training modification
expose Mc3 to short burst at racing speed rather than hige miles of slower work

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10
Q

MC/MT: condylar fracture

A

most commonly flat racing horses, also harness racing
25% of racetrack fatal musculoskeletal injuries
75% on lateral aspec of LF in TBs
usually begin 4mm from sagittal ridge
palmar/plantar communition 15%

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11
Q

Carpus (anatomy)

A
  • Three joints
    • Radiocarpal- high motion
    • Middle carpal- high motion
    • Carpometacarpal- low motion
    • Mid- and carpometacarpal communicate
  • Two rows of carpal bones
    • Accessory carpal, ulnar, intermediate, radial
    • (lateral to medial)
    • Fourth, third, second (first in ~50%)
    • (lateral to medial)
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12
Q

carpal canal

A

carpal canal encloes carpal sheath
- sheath extentds from distal radius to proximal metacarpus
- SDFT, superior check, DDFT, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, vessels and nerves
- accessory carpal bon eforms lateral aspect

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13
Q

carpus (conditions)

A

OCD and DJD
race horses
hyperextension
fatique during race or conformation

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14
Q

cubital (elbow) joint (anatomy)

A

high motion hinge joint
stabilized by:
-anconeal procress of olecranon
- collateral ligaments
- biceps muscle insertion
- brachialis muscle insertion

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15
Q

lateral muscle group (scapulohumeral joint)

A

supraspinatus m. (extensor of shoulder)
infraspinatus m. (flexor of shoulder) (acts as lateral collateral lig.)
deltoideus m. (shoulder flexor)

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16
Q

medial muscle group (scapulohumeral joint)

A

subscapularis m. (shoulder felxor) (acts as medial coll. lig)
teres major m. (shoulder flexor)

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17
Q

cranial muscle group (scapulohumeral joint)

A

biceps m. (fixator of the shoulder)
- fibrocartilaginous tendon over cranial shoulder
- lacertus fibrosis– tendon that inserts on extensor carpi radialiis muscle to passively entend the carpus

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18
Q

muscles of the upper forlimb

A

flexors of the elbow and lower forarm:
- biceps brachii m. and brachialis m.

estensors of the elbow
Triceps m.: three heads insert in olecranon
- long head: orig: caudal scapula
- lateral and medial heads: origin caudal humerus
- lack of functional results in dropped elbow

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19
Q

Forearm extensors

A

common origins: craniolateral aspect of the distal humerus
each synovial sheath over carpus

ALL (exept ulnaris lat.) extend carpus

all inervated by radial nerve

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20
Q

forearm extensors (insertions)

A

*extensor carpi radialis m.
-> proximodorsal MC3

*common digital extensor m.
-> extensor process P3

*lateral digital extensor m.
-> prox P1

*ulnaris lateralis m.
-> acc. carpal bone, head of MC4

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21
Q

Forearm flexors

A

origin: caudomedial humerus
innervation: media and ulnar n.
all flex carpus

  • flexor carpi radialis
  • covers median vessels and nerves
    -> inserts on head of MC2
  • flexor carpi ulnaris m.
    -> inserts on acc. carpal bone
  • Superficial digital flexor m.
    acc. lig. from caudomedial radius
    -> inserts: middle scutum and med./lat P1
  • deep digital flexor m.
  • largest flexor m.
    acc. lig in prox MC
    -> insert aon solar surface of P3
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22
Q

Forelimb trunk muscles

Study These Flashcards
A

trapezius m.
brachiocephalicus
latissimus dorsi
pectoralis descendens
pectoralis transversus
rhomboidius
serratus ventralis

23
Q

Tarsus (skeleton)

Study These Flashcards
A

prox row: calcaneus, Talus
middle: central tarsal
distal: 4th, 3rd, fused 1st and 2nd tarsal

24
Q

Tarsus (syndemology)

Study These Flashcards
A

Prox: Tarsocrural (tibiotarsal): high motion
prox intertarsal: communicates with tarsocural. low motion
distal intertarsal, low motion
TMT communicates 25% with DIT

25
DDFT sheath synovitis (hind)
Thoroughpin
26
Tarsus ligaments
extensive coll. ligg. short, long superficial and deep Calcaneus: insertion point for gastrocnemius tendon SDFT glides of its prominence Tarsal canal glides over sustentaculum tali contains DDFT, vessels, nerves Long plantar lig: orign: plantar surface of calcaneus inseer eth tarsal prox 4th metattarsal counters forces at calcaneal tendon
27
Tarsus lig. / flexors
flexors of tarsus both split over dorsal aspect *Peroneus tertius (primarily tendinous) - originates ditolateral femur -> inserts: lateral brnach: Calcaneus and 4th tarsal bone dorsal branch: dorsal MT3 and 3rd tsal bone tibialis cranialis muscle originates lateral condyle of tibia insertion: dorsal brnach; MT3 medial branch (cunean tendon) fused 1st and 2nd tarsal bone
28
Tarsus clinical condidtions
bone spavin! OCD: 1st: distal intermdiate ridge of tibia 2nd: lateral trochlear ridge of talus tarsal luxation planatr lig. desmitis ("curb") SDFT luxation off calcaneus gastrocnemius tendititis peroneus tertius rupture
29
Stifle- Ligaments
- 3 patellar ; origin: distal patella, insert on tibial crest; medial instrumental for stay apparatus ("locking") - coll. ligaments - cruciate lig. control cranial/caudal shear in joint; both extracapsular menniscutibial lig. (cran, caud.)
30
Stifle clinical conditions
OCD: 2nd most commonly affected joint; lateral trochlear ridge, medial femoral condyle intermittent upward fixation of the patella ("Locking" of the stifle) Desmitis: patellar ligg., coll. ligg., cruciate ligg. Meniscal injuries: may be scondary to coll. or cruciate lig. injury
31
Tensor fascia latae
covers cranial and lateral muscles of femur originates on tuber coxae inserts: patella, lateral latellar lig., lateral tibia flexor of hip
32
superficial gluteal
lies between TFL and biceps femoris origin: tuber coxae and gluteal fascia inserts on 3rd trochanter of femur flexor of hip, abductor of upper thigh
33
middle luteal m.
origin: dorsal back distal lumbar or sacrum inserts: greater trochanter and untertrochanteric line of prox. femur extensor of hip; abductor
34
deep gluteal m.
originates frim ischial spine, inserts on greater trochanter abductor of the thigh
35
biceps femoris m.
origin: sacrum, sacrosciatic lig. and tuber ischium inserts in 3 divisions: - fascia lata and patella - lateral patellar lig. and the tibial crest - joins common calcaneal tendon extends the limb when rearing/ kicking; abduct the limb
36
Semitendinosus m.
O: Cdl1-Cdl2, tuber ischium I: cranial border of tibia, tuber calcis extend hip and hock
37
semimembranosus m
lies Medial to semitendinosus O: sacrotuberal lig., tuber ischium I:medial epicondyle of femur extend hip and adduct limb
38
Medial muscles upper hind limb
Superficial layer: gracilis and sartorius middle: pectineus and adductor deep: quadratus femoris, gemelli, obturator internus and externus
39
distal craniolateral group
cranial tibial peroneus. tertius long digital extensor O: etxensor fossa distal femur I: extensor process P3, prox. dorsal P1, P2 lateral digital extensor O: lateraö coll. lig. of stifle, head of fibula, lateral border of tibia I: Long digital extensor on mid metatarsus
40
Cranial muscles upper hind limb
Quadriceps Femoris m.: 4 Heads - all insert on patella - all supplied by femoral nerve - all extend stifle, rectus femoris also flexes hip Rectus femoris: O: ilium, cranial acetabulum Vastus lateralis O: lateral surface of femur Vastus medialis: O: medial surface of femur Vastus intermedius: O: cranial surface of femur
41
distal caudal group
popliteus m. O: lateral condyle of the femur I: caudomedial border of femur Flexor of stifle gastrocnemius m. -lateral and medial heads O: lateral and medial supracondyloid fossae on caudal femur I: tendon wraps laterally around SDFT and inserts on the tuber calcis extend tarsus and flex stifle Superficial digital flexor m. O: supracondular fossa of distal femur I: tuber calcis; P1, P2 middle scutum DDFm O: prox aspect of caudolateral tibia and caudal head ib fubula: 3heads! courses through carpal canal over sustentaculum tali I: solar aspect of P3 extend hock, flex digits
42
peroneus tertius rupture
stifle flexes, tarsus remains in extension
43
retraction of forelimb
latissimus dorsi deep pectoral
44
protraction of forelimb
brachiocephalicus omotransversarius
45
shoulder extensions
supraspinatus infraspinatus subscapularis
46
shoulder flexion
deltoideus
47
elbow extension
triceps brachii
48
elbow flexion
biceps brachii brachialis
49
extensors of forelimb
radial (inner) extensor muscle commondigital extensor lateral digital extensor
50
flexors of forelimb
ulnar extensor muscle flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris SDFT prox check ligament DDFT distal check ligament
51
who is fully loaded in the middle of the stance phase
SDFT and prox check ligament
52
most strain of DDFT and distal check lig.
before breakover of the limb
53
54
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