1
Q
absorption
A
the movement of a drug from a form of medication (i.e. pill, tablet, etc) into the person’s bloodstream
2
Q
acute
A
sudden/rapidly occurring symptoms or conditions
3
Q
ADME
A
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
4
Q
adrenal gland
A
an anatomical structure above the kidney that secretes hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
5
Q
cortisol
A
hormone released as a stress response
6
Q
cortisol
A
hormone that regulates…
- glucose usage
- inflammation
- blood pressure
- sleep-wake cycle
7
Q
aldosterone
A
hormone that regulates blood pressure by adjusting levels of sodium and potassium in the bloodstream
8
Q
aldosterone
A
signals to the kidneys and colon to increase levels of sodium in bloodstream or amount of potassium released in urine
9
Q
epinephrine
A
hormone also referred to as adrenaline
10
Q
epinephrine
A
hormone that transmits nerve signals across nerve endings in response to stress
11
Q
norepinephrine
A
hormone also referred to as noradrenaline
12
Q
norepinephrine
A
hormone that constantly transmits nerve signals across nerve endings passively (i.e. not transmitted as a stress response)
13
Q
adrenergic
A
neurons associated with the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
14
Q
agonist
A
a substance that, when attached to a receptor, elicits a response
15
Q
analgesic
A
substance that reduces pain
16
Q
anaphylaxis
A
severe (life-threatening) allergic reaction
17
Q
anesthetic
A
substance that numbs a certain part of the patient’s body
18
Q
angina
A
severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood flow
19
Q
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
A
catalyst in the body that regulates the production and release blood-pressure raising hormones
20
Q
antacid
A
substance that neutralizes stomach acid
21
Q
antagonist
A
a substance that, when attached to a receptor, stops a response from occurring
22
Q
ante area
A
space directly adjacent to the clean room with an air quality of of at least ISO class 8
23
Q
antiarrthythmic
A
substance that prevents/treats cardiac arrhythmias
24
Q
antibiotic
A
substance that kills/blocks reproduction of microorganisms
25
anticholinergic
substance that opposes parasympathetic nervous system
26
parasympathetic nervous system
nervous system associated with rest and digestion
27
anticoagulant
substance that delays/prevents blood clotting
28
anticonvulsant
substance that prevents/treats seizures
29
antidepressant
substance that prevents/treats mental depression
30
antidiabetic
substance that lowers blood sugar levels
31
antidiarrheal
substance that prevents/treats diarrhea
32
antidote
substance that neutralizes a poison
33
antiemetic
substance that prevents/treats nausea and vomiting
34
antiepileptic
substance that prevents/treats epilepsy and seizures
35
antifungal
substance that kills/blocks reproduction of fungi
36
antihistamine
substance that either prevents the release of or inhibits the effects of histamine
37
antiplatelet
substance that inhibits platelets
38
antipsychotic
substance that prevents/treats psychosis
39
antipyretic
substance that reduces fever
40
antitussive
substance that suppresses a cough
41
antiviral
substance that treats viral infections
42
arteries
blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
43
atherosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
44
atherosclerosis
disease caused by build up of calcium and cholesterol in the arteries
45
atrial fibrillation
type of cardiac arrhythmia where the heart receives irregular electric impulse, leading to an irregular heartbeat
46
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
non-cancerous growth of the prostate gland
47
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
disease where an enlarged prostate gland pushes against the urethra and blocks urine flow
48
blood glucose
measure of glucose in the blood
49
blood clot
mass of coagulated blood that impedes blood flow
50
bradycardia
heart rate below average
51
cardiac arrhythmia
condition where the heart beats irregularly
52
cardiovascular system
organ system that comprises of the heart and blood vessels
53
ceiling effect
phenomenon that states there is a maximum possible effect of a medication, where further dosage does not increase therapeutic effect
54
cholesterol
fatty substance used to produce hormones and cell walls
55
cholesterol
excess of this accumulates in arterial blood vessels and causes heart issues
56
cholinergic
substance that mimics the effects of acetylcholine
57
acetylcholine
excitatory neurotransmitter responsible for voluntary muscle movement in the body
58
chronic
a symptom/condition that worsens over a long period of time
59
clean room
designated room for sterile cleaning that have an air quality of ISO class 7
60
contraceptive
drug/device that prevents conception or pregnancy
61
coronary artery disease (CAD)
disease where arteries that send blood to the heart are narrowed, causing atherosclerosis
62
coricosteroid
anti-inflammatory drug that mimics the effects of cortisol
63
decongestant
a substance that reduces nasal congestion
64
depressant
substance that decreases nerve activity (akin to a sedative)
65
diuresis
condition of increased urine production
66
edema
condition of swelling
67
electrolytes
electrically charged minerals that are essential for normal body functions
68
elimination
process of excreting waste that begins with liver metabolization and ends with converting the waste into urine by the kidney
69
embolism
a form of obstruction in the blood vessel (i.e. a blood clot)
70
emesis
vomiting
71
enzyme
catalyst for a chemical reaction
72
epistaxis
nosebleed
73
expectorant
substance that thins mucus for easier excretion
74
glaucoma
ocular disease caused by a buildup of aqueous humor in the internal eye
75
gout
disease characterized by severe joint pains and imflammation
76
heart failure
condition in which the heart cannot output enough blood for the body
77
hepatic
pertaining to the liver
78
high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter
air filter that removes 99.7% of particles with a diameter of 0.3 microns or larger
79
histamine
substance that elicits symptoms of allergic reactions (i.e itchy eyes, runny nose) and involved in stomach acid production and mental alertness
80
HMG-CoA reductase
key enzyme involved in hepatic cholesterol production
81
hormone
substance produced by the body that regulates certain functions
82
hyperglycemia
abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood
83
hyperkalemia
abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood
84
hypertension
high blood pressure
85
hyperuricemia
abnormally high levels of uric acid in the blood
86
hypoglycemia
abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood
87
hypokalemia
abnormally low levels of potassium in the blood
88
hypotension
low blood pressure
89
indication
the condition/symptom that a drug is effective against (i.e. hypertension is an ____ for Lisinopril)
90
international organization for standardization (ISO) classification
an air quality rating
91
lacrimation
production of tears
92
laminar airflow hood (LAFH)
combined air filtration machine and workbench that propels filtered air onto a workbench to create a sterile environment to work on
93
lipids
fats
94
myocardial infarction (MI)
condition where a portion of heart muscle tissue dies because of an occlusion in the coronary artery
95
metabolism
body's natural process of chemically altering or breaking down a substance
96
coronary artery
major blood vessels connected via the aorta that supply blood to the heart
97
nephron
most basic unit of the kidney
98
diuretic drugs
drugs that promote the production and/or excretion of urine
99
nephron
where electrolyte exchange occurs and can be altered via diuretic drugs
100
neuron
most basic unit of the nervous system
101
neurotransmitter
substance released by neurons that help manage nervous system-mediated functions (i.e. serotonin)
102
nitric oxide
chemical that causes blood vessels to dilate
103
nonproductive cough
dry cough
104
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
medications that reduce pain and swelling caused by inflammation
105
off-label
term describing uses for drugs that are NOT FDA-approved
106
osmosis
process of water moving across a membrane from high to low solute concentration
107
peripheral neuropathy
tingling and/or pain in the extremities caused by nerve damage
108
phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5)
key enzyme involved in the breakdown of nitric oxide
109
photosensitivity
increased sensitivity to sunlight
110
polyuria
excessive urine production
111
pregnancy category
rating system the denotes how harmful a drug is during pregnancy that ranges from "A, B, C, D, and X"
112
priapism
painful and prolonged erection
113
prophylaxis
action taken to prevent disease
114
prostaglandins
group of chemicals produced by the body for various functions (i.e. promotion of imflammation)
115
QT interval
the time between the Q and T waves on an electrocardiogram
116
electrocardiogram
machine used to record the electrical signals in the heart
117
electrocardiogram
used to help diagnose heart attacks and arrhythmias
118
EKG of a normal heartbeat
PQRST waves
- P-wave: small initial bump
- Q-wave: small, sharp dip
- R-wave: large, sharp spike
- S-wave: flat line
- T-wave: small final bump
119
renal
pertaining to the kidney
120
sedative-hypnotic
substance that induces sleep (i.e. a tranquilizer)
121
serotonin syndrome
condition caused by excessive stimulation of serotonin receptors
122
side effects
undesired effects of a medication
123
solute
substance dissolved in a liquid to create a solution
124
solution
combination of a solute and the solvent used to dissolve it
125
solvent
liquid used to dissolve a solute to create a solution
126
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)
disease characterized by a fever and severe skin rashes
127
stimulant
substance that increases nerve activity
128
stroke
event in which an area of the brain dies due to insufficient blood flow
129
sulfa allergy
allergy to sulfonamides
130
symptom
a sign that indicates the presence of a medical condition, disease, or disorder
131
syncope
to faint
132
tachycardia
abnormally high resting heart rate
133
tolerance
decreased sensitivity to a drug (i.e. more drug is required to elicit the same effect)
134
vasoconstrictor
substance that causes a contraction/narrowing in the blood vessel
135
vasodilator
substance that causes an expansion/relaxation in the blood vessel
136
veins
blood vessels that carry deoxygenate blood from the organs back to the heart
137
withdrawal
response to not using a drug/medication that the patient grew dependent on
ExCPT Exam
flashcards
Decks in class (31)
# Cards
-
Key Terms137
-
word roots, suffixes, prefixes82
-
Controlled Substance Schedules60
-
Controlled Substance Laws27
-
DEA Forms7
-
EXCPT Prep #39
-
EXCPT Prep #414
-
EXCPT Prep #629
-
EXCPT Prep #715
-
Top 200 Prescription Drugs217
-
OTC Analgesics7
-
OTC Antacids14
-
OTC Laxatives8
-
OTC Cough/Cold Medications5
-
OTC Antihistamines10
-
OTC Antifungals5
-
Dosing Frequency Sigs23
-
Routes of Administration Sigs21
-
Dosing Instruction Sigs2
-
Dispensing Instruction Sigs3
-
Compounding Instruction Sigs4
-
Symptoms and Disease State Sigs6
-
Units of Measure Sigs17
-
Formulation Sigs18
-
Clean Room Sigs13
-
Misc Sigs11
-
Element/Lab Value Sigs8
-
Prescription Sig Practice10
-
Common Drug Name Abbreviations24
-
DAW Codes10
-
EXCPT Prep #123
