kidneys

Question 1

what is albumin creatinine ration explain fully

Answer 1

its a test where you measure these 2 porducts from the urine

1. albumin should never be found in the urine as it should be reabsorbed by kidneys - so if you have albumin and even if your gfr is good
2. creatine is expected to be found in the urine as its a normal waste prodcuts from metabolism and muscles etc

so if its high means you have proteinuria

Question 2

normal urine output

Answer 2

0.5-1.5 ml/h per kg

Question 3

nomral gfr

Answer 3

> 90

howver above 60 is also normal ?

Question 4

cardiorenal sydnrome

Answer 4

often when the kidneys are failing, this puts extra strain on the heart

1. extra fluid overload- more strain on heart
2. hypertension - more strain
3. increase in toxic problems