Klicker 4

Question 1

A non-judgemental short term helping process where one individual (the counselor) helps another individual or group (counselee or clients) understand and deal with issues or problems in their daily life.

Answer 1

Counseling

Question 2

A specialty in general counseling with the goal of helping the individual grieve and address personal loss in a healthy manner.

Answer 2

Grief Couseling

Question 3

Specialized techniques that are used to help people with complicated grief.

Answer 3

Grief Therapy

Question 4

Help survivors complete any unfinished business with the deceased and to be able to say a final good-bye.

1. Actualize the loss
2. Help the counselee deal with both the expressed and latent effects of loss.
3. To help the counselee overcome various inpediments to readjustment after a loss.
4. To encourage the counselee to make a healthy emotional withdrawal from the deceased and to feel comfortable reinvesting that emotion in another relationship.

Answer 4

Goals of Grief Counseling (Worden)

Question 5

• Gain a clearer insight into themselves and their situation
• Identify, talk about, explore, and understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
• Obtain a better understanding of their feelings and behaviors
• Realize and utilize their own strengths, coping skills, and resources- what has worked for that person in the past.
• Work out what action they want to take
• Function more successfully in their day-to-day activities
• Prevent the development of more serious mental health problems.

Answer 5

Objectives of Counseling

Question 6

• Pre-need
• At-need
• Post-funeral

Answer 6

When and How Funeral Directors can Facilitate Healthy Greiving:

Question 7

• Sponsoring educational programs on loss and grief.
• Using counseling skills during pre-need funeral arrangements to enhance the funeral arrangement experience

Answer 7

Pre-Need

Question 8

• Utilize effective counseling techniques during the at-need arrangement conference to help families plan services that will maximize the potential for ahealing greiving experience.
• Execute the planned services in a professional, empathetic manner so that family’s needs are met.

Answer 8

At-Need

Question 9

• Aftercare that meets the family’s post-funeral needs
• Telephone support
• Personal Visit
• Referral to individual grief counseling or support groups
• Providing appropriate grief literature

Answer 9

Post-Funeral

Question 10

• Become aware that they are facing a difficult situation
• Perceive their feelings or situations as problematic
• Believe counseling can assist them
• Feel the pain is greater than the perceived or actual barriers to seeking counseling

Answer 10

Why do people seek Counseling?

Question 11

• Embarrassment or shame at being able to handle things themselves
• Fear of judgement by the counselor
• Fear of being labeled mentally ill
• Social stigma in some cultures or communities

Answer 11

Why dont some people seek counseling even when it’s needed?

Question 12

• Most clients improve at a greater rate than those who do not receive counseling
• A type of counseling that is most effective has not been proven
• No one type of treatment works best with every client in every counseling situation

Answer 12

Is counseling Helpful?

Question 13

• Informational counseling
• Situational counseling
• Supportive counseling

Answer 13

Types of Counseling

Question 14

The goal is to share with someone a body of specialized information.

Answer 14

Informational Counseling

Question 15

Related to specific situations in life that may create crisis and produce pain, suffering, and significant feelings that are produced by the crisis.

Answer 15

Situational Counseling

Question 16

When listening to a greiver’s story, clairfying issues by questioning and probing, and validating their concerns, and responses, can bring peace and understanding to him/her.

• Empathtic, concerned, active listener

Answer 16

Supportive Counseling

Question 17

• Directive Counseling
• Non-Directive Counseling

Counselor may use both in one session. What may be needed for one person may be useless or harmful to another person.

Answer 17

Styles of Counseling

Question 18

When the counselor assumes the initiative and carries a major role in the identification and resolution of problems.

• Counselor is basically telling the client what to do.

Answer 18

Directive Counseling

Question 19

Developed primarily by Carl Rogers. The counselor guides the counselee to identify and solve his/her own problems.

• Counselor uses attending skills- paraphrasing, reflecting, clarifying
• Client gains help without surrendering personal responsibility for the situation.

Answer 19

Non-Directive Counseling (Client-centered, Person-centered)

Question 20

• Establishes rapport with the client
• Assists the person to gain perspective
• Appraises the client’s problems
• Perceives the client’s situation
• Encourages realistic appraisal by the client
• Encourages conservational flow by avoiding questions that can be answered with yes or no
• Reflects the clients feelings back to them
• Judges the ability of the client to verbalize
• Does not assume the client’s first statement to be true or complete
• Allows the client to summarize the interview

Answer 20

The Non-Directive Approach Seems to be more Effective in Greif Counseling Because:

Question 21

Spoken, oral communication.

• Tone of voice
• talking speed
• Voice inflections

Answer 21

Verbal Communication

Question 22

That which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions or physical behavior, communication by any other means than verbally.

• Smiling
• Frowning
• Gestures
• Facial expression
• Eye movement
• Body position/movement

Answer 22

Non-Verbal Communication

Question 23

The client’s analysis is usually on a subconscious level while the counselor is trained to be aware of thse subtle and non-so-subtle components of communication.

Answer 23

Difference betwen Client and Counselor Communications

Question 24

Giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior.

• Active listening
• Paraphrasing
• Reflecting
• Clairifying
• Perception checking
• Leading
• Informing
• Questioning
• Summarizing
• Allowance of silence

Answer 24

Attending Skills

Question 25

One of the most important counseling techniques.Attentively listening to the wors a client says, observing the non-verbal cues he expresses such as eye contact, posture, facial expression, gestures, and being sensitive to the tone, inflexion, spead and intensity of what is being said. * Verbal and non-verbal expression should be consistent with each other

Answer 25

Active Listening

Question 26

Focusing on, and repeating back tothe client, the key words used, usually the most important part of what was said. * Lets the client know they were heard and understood.

Question 27

The counselor expresses in fewer or fresh words the essential feelings stated or stronly implied by the counselee in her words or non-verbal communication. * "You seem to feel...."

Answer 27

Reflecting

Question 28

The process of getting a better understanding of something the client has said.

Answer 28

Clairifying

Question 29

Similar to clairifying in that the counselor needs further explainination from the client to ensure he completely understands what was said. Instead of a broad clairfying statement, the funeral director would ask for some specific clairification.

Answer 29

Perception Checking

Question 30

The skill of encouraging the client to further explore what you feel is a major issue, more of less anticipating where the client is going.

Answer 30

Leading

Question 31

Sharing knowledge you have with the client. * Funeral directors feel most comfortable with this

Answer 31

Informing

Question 32

Using skillful probing questions will not only clairify your understanding but will also aid the client in exploring her thoughts and feelings. * Opens new areas for discussion * Use open ended questions * Avoid "why?" or questions to make client defensive * Begin open ended questions with how, what or can

Answer 32

Questioning

Question 33

Bringing together the different aspects of your counseling session into a succinct review of what has occurred.

Answer 33

Summarizing

Question 34

* Vocal style * Verbal following

Answer 34

Verbal Communication

Question 35

* Use your natural voice * Use non-threatening tone * Do not talk too fast or too slow

Answer 35

Vocal Style

Question 36

* Stay on the topic the client brings up, don't change it * Don't interrupt * Give client all the time she needs to answer, don't rush * Do not preach or lecture * Do not talk too much about yourself

Answer 36

Verbal Following

Question 37

* Positive Non-Verbal skills * Eye contact * Body Posture * Head nods * Facial expressions * Arm and leg position

Answer 37

Non-Verbal Communication

Question 38

Maintain eye contact without staring. * Demonstrates sincere interest * Be culturally sensitive (considered rude to some cultures) * Vary

Answer 38

Eye Contact

Question 39

Avoid slouching, but be relaxed. Present an open posture facing the client and leaning forward to exhibit sincerity and interest. Sit on the same said as the invdividual, but never stand over them.

Answer 39

Body Posture

Question 40

Do this occasionally to demonstrate agreement, and encourage the client to continue to communicate.

Answer 40

Head Nods

Question 41

Should appear natural, relaxed, and caring.

Answer 41

Facial Expressions

Question 42

* Arms- at your side or in a position to have your hands in your lap * Do not cross arms or legs in front of you- gives the impression of non interest or boredom.

Answer 42

Arm and Leg Position

Question 43

* Rigid body posture * Taking notes * Clock watching * Letting your gaze wander

Answer 43

Negative Non-Verbal Skills

Question 44

1. Initial learning * 1 Awareness of ignorance * 2 The individual takes action and obtaines the needed education 2. Uncomfortable use * 3 starts the good, better, best analogy 3. Consciously skilled * 4 Is the better stage 4. Naturally skilled * 5 This is when the individual reaches her best level of practice

Answer 44

Developing Interpersonal Skills (Wolfelt's 5 Stages of Learning)

Question 45

1. Step 1: Awareness of ignorance- individual becomes aware that she does not have knowledgeof an area and realizes the need to get more educated. 2. Step 2: The individual takes action and obtains needed education- This is usually at the basic level. Some learners will then take advance learning opportunities to increase their knowledge base.

Answer 45

Initial Learning

Question 46

Step 3: Starts the good, better, best analogy. * The educated individual takes a leap of faith by trying out these newly acquired skills. * There is an initial stage of awkwardness and discomfort but the individual is at the good stage.

Answer 46

Unfortable Use

Question 47

Step 4: The better stage. The individual feels more comfortable but is still practicing at a conscious level.

Answer 47

Consciously Skilled

Question 48

Step 5: This is when the individual reaches her best level of practice. - She is being effective with her clients and practicing the attending skills without even realizing it. It is natural and automatic.

Answer 48

Naturally Skilled

Question 49

* Sincerity * Integrity * Empathy * respect * Warmth * Caring * Genuineness

Answer 49

Characteristics of a Good Counselor or a Helping Funeral Director

Question 50

Having a real interest in the people and their problems.

Answer 50

Sincerity

Question 51

Being of sound moral principals, upright and honest.

Answer 51

Integrity

Question 52

The ability to perceive accurately the feelings of your clients.

Answer 52

Empathy

Question 53

Refers to a councelor's approachability and willingness to be open, considerate, and friendly with clients.

Answer 53

Warmth

Question 54

The ability to present oneself sincerely; a counselor's spontaneity, consistency, and authentinicity.

Answer 54

Genuineness

Question 55

Holding a person in high regard.

Answer 55

Respect

Question 56

* Desire to counsel * Actively listen to the individual * Listen with understanding * Discern the true situation, the real problem. * Give the indivdual additional information when necessary * Encourage the individual to solve the problem * Help the individual develop a plan of action * Follow-up

Answer 56

Do's In a Counseling Relationship

Question 57

* Tell the client what happened to him, let him tell you. * Ask why, value-judgement questions. * Use should or ought * Blame, cirticize, or embarrass clients * Automatically compare the client's experience with your own. * Become overly analytical * Trivialize or invalidate the client's feelings or concerns * Offer the client explanations for thinking, feelings, or behaviors * Reduce counseling to giving advice * become impatient and/or appear rushed * Become over-involved tothe point that you feel overwhelmed * Continue in a counseling relationship if you feel threatened by it or inappropriately attached to the client. * Breach the client's confidence * Misrepresent your capabilities to the client * Juge and condemn others * Impose your solution becuase of lime limitations, disinterest, or other reasons * Treat problems alike * Treat people alike * Treat counseling sessions alike * Do too much talking

Answer 57

Don'ts in the Counseling Relationship

Question 58

* Asks too many questions * Dominates the interaction * Inappropriate self-disclosure * Offering platitudes or false reassurance * Discouraging the expression of emotions * Emotional distancing

Answer 58

Barriers to Effective Communication (Wolfelt)

Question 59

* Violation of confidentiality * Claiming expertise which one does not possess * Exceeding one's level of professional competence * Imposing one's values on a client * Creating dependency in a client * Sexual activity with a client

Answer 59

Unethical Behaviors for Counselors

Question 60

Ethical and legal issue. Circumstances that dictate when counselors must divulge information: * When clients pose a dange to themselves or others * When the counselor believes that a client under tha age of 16 years is a victim of incest, rape, other abuse or some other crime * When ordered by the court to do so * Wehn clients request that their records be released to themselves or to a third party

Answer 60

Confidentiality

Question 61

* Remember that you cannot take away pain of the bereaved. * Do not let your own sense of helplessness keep you from reaching out to the griever. * Expect to have to tolerate volatile reactions from the bereaved * Recognize the cirtical therapeautic value of the gift of presence * Make sure you view the loss form the griever's unique perspective * Let your genuine concern and caring show * Do not let your own needs determine the experience for the griever. * Understand that grief is not an easy upward climb * Have no expectations that bereaved individuals will behave the way you want them to behave * Listen to the story oftheir loved one over and over * Understand that some grievers need to visit the cemetery * Refer to the deceased by name * Grief can be a long lonely journey, be patient * Greif can take a tremendous amount of energy. * Offer permission to grieve * Avoid using the term depressed * Do not explain the loss in religious or philosophical terms * Do not tell the griever to feel better because tere are other loved ones who are still alive * Do not try to unrealistically pretty up the situation * Do not forget to plant the seeds of hope * Do not encourage responses that do not foster appropriate grief * Do not tell them not to cry * Hold out the expectation that the griever will successfully complete the mourning process and that the pain will subside.

Answer 61

Intervention Strategies for Grief Counselors (Buffalo General Hospital)

Question 62

* Lack of self-care * Unusual and alarming behavior patterns * Suicidial threats or attempts * Multiple losses that can be overwhelming * Severe withdrawal and/or depression * Substance abuse * Raidcal lifestyle changes

Answer 62

When to be Concerned