DPT1, FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY FINAL > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

2 joints of the knee

A

-tibiofemoral joint
-patellofemoral joint

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2
Q

describe the femoral condyles

A

lateral femoral condyle is shorter (all the way around) than medial femoral condyle

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3
Q

lateral/medial femoral condyle sits higher

A

lateral

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4
Q

lateral/medial femoral condyle is larger

A

medial

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5
Q

much more articular surface on medial/lateral femoral condyle

A

medial

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6
Q

when the knee joint is moving, medial/lateral femoral condyle moves further

A

medial

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7
Q

describe the proximal tibial condyles (aka tibial plateaus)

A

medial side is also much bigger than the lateral side

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8
Q

knee joint has normal varus/valgus posture

A

valgus
-so that weight can go straight through the center of the knee

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9
Q

weight-bearing of knee joint is through ____

A

center of the knee joint

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10
Q

genu

A

knee

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11
Q

genu varum

A

weight bearing will occur on medial side of knee

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12
Q

genu valgum

A

weight bearing will occur on lateral surface of the knee

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13
Q

menisci are attached by

A

anterior + posterior horns

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14
Q

medial meniscus shape

A

semi-circle shape, “c-shaped”

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15
Q

medial/lateral meniscus is more firmly attached

A

medial

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16
Q

medial/lateral meniscus is more circular

A

lateral

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17
Q

medial/lateral meniscus is more mobile

A

lateral

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18
Q

medial meniscal attachments

A

-medial collateral ligament (MCL)
-semimembranosus

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19
Q

where is MCL located

A

on medial side of knee

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20
Q

MCL

A

medial collateral ligament

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21
Q

describe medial meniscal attachment to MCL

A

MCL has attachment to meniscus as well as a deep part that supports the meniscus against the tibia

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22
Q

describe the medial meniscal attachment to semimembranosus

A

-part of hamstring muscle attaches to medial meniscus
-as your hamstring pulls tibia backwards, they also pull meniscus backwards with the tibia
-allows meniscus to stay between tibia + femur where it is needed

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23
Q

lateral meniscal attachments

A

-anterior/posterior meniscofemoral ligaments (ligaments of humphrey + wrisberg)
-popliteus
-PCL

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24
Q

what do lateral meniscal attachments allow for

A

allows for lateral meniscus to be moved with the tibia as you’re moving the tibiofemoral joint

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25
menisci shape
wedge-shaped
26
describe the vascularity of the menisci
peripheral 1/3 (red zone) is vascularized -blood supply is imperative to healing injury to meniscus -if injury occurs at peripheral 1/3, there are good odds it will heal -if injury occurs at inner portion, probably won't heal due to lack of blood supply
27
function of the menisci
-increase joint congruity, provide stability -absorb load -change contact pressure
28
wedge shape of menisci helps to
support the round femoral condyles on the flat tibial plateaus -provides stability
29
how does menisci help absorb load
distributes the forces of femur pushing onto the tibia across a larger area -changes contact pressure
30
explain how menisci change contact pressure
pressure = force/area -menisci increase area, which decreases pressure -pressure is what degrades articular cartilage -if you injure your meniscus, there will be a lot of effort to save as much as possible, because without it, there will be increased pressure on articular cartilage which will speed how fast it breaks down
31
extra-articular ligaments of knee (aka outside joint)
-MCL -LCL -ALL
32
intra-articular ligaments of knee (aka inside joint)
-ACL -PCL
33
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
34
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
35
ACL + PCL are comprised of
different bundles -which allow the ligaments to be taut throughout the ROM of knee flexion + extension -good for stability because the ligament will stay taut throughout a large ROM
36
other ligaments of the knee
-oblique popliteal ligament -arcuate popliteal ligament -meniscofemoral ligaments
37
passive restraints
due to ligaments
38
dynamic restraints
due to muscles that provide stability -muscle contraction
39
primary passive restraints
provides greatest restraint to motion
40
secondary passive restraints
limits motion when primary restraint is disrupted
41
anterior knee joint stability- means what
stopping the tibia from moving forward relative to the femur
42
anterior knee joint stability- primary restraint
ACL
43
anterior knee joint stability- secondary restraint
MCL
44
anterior knee joint stability- dynamic restraint
hamstrings
45
posterior knee joint stability- means what
stopping the tibia from moving backwards relative to the femur
46
posterior knee joint stability- primary restraint
PCL
47
posterior knee joint stability- secondary restraints
-LCL -arcuate ligament (in back of knee)
48
posterior knee joint stability- dynamic restraint
quadriceps
49
medial knee joint stability- means what
what stops the tibia from abducting
50
medial knee joint stability- primary restraints
-MCL -OPL (knee extended)
51
OPL
oblique popliteal ligament
52
medial knee joint stability- secondary restraint
ACL
53
if you tear your MCL + keep abducting your tibia, your ____ will provide the stability
ACL
54
medial knee joint stability- dynamic restraint
pes anserinum (group of muscles)
55
pull of what muscles will provide support against abduction
pes anserinum
56
lateral knee joint stability- primary restraints
-LCL -ALL -arcuate ligament (knee extended)
57
lateral knee joint stability- secondary restraints
-ACL -PCL
58
lateral knee joint stability- dynamic restraint
biceps femoris -pull goes up, so only minor support
59
knee internal rotation- primary restraints
-ACL -PCL
60
knee internal rotation- dynamic restraint
biceps femoris
61
knee external rotation- primary restraints
-MCL -LCL
62
knee external rotation- dynamic restraint
popliteus -popliteus IR the tibia so that it can stop ER
63
bursa around the knee joint
-suprapatellar -infrapatellar -subpopliteal -gastrocnemius -prepatellar
64
bursa
essentially padding between tendon/muscle + bone -sometimes 2 bones
65
suprapatellar bursa
above the patella -stops the quadriceps tendon from rubbing against the femur
66
infrapatellar bursa
below the patella -stops the patellar tendon/ligament from rubbing backwards + forwards on the tibia
67
subpopliteal bursa
underneath the popliteus
68
gastrocnemius bursa
underneath the gastroc in the places where the muscles might be rubbing over the back of the femoral condyles
69
prepatellar bursa
on the most anterior surface of the patella
DPT1, FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY FINAL
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