how do autotrophs get their energy
Autotrophs get their energy through two main processes: photosynthesis, where they use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food (glucose), and chemosynthesis, where they use energy from chemical reactions to produce nutrients
What is another name for an autotroph?
producer or autophyte
How do heterotrophs get their energy? What is another name for a heterotroph?
consuming other organisms, as they cannot produce their own food. Another common name for a heterotroph is a consumer.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy?
mass and energy in a closed system remains constant over time, as mass and energy can be converted into one another but not created or destroyed
What kind of organisms are primary producers?
plants, algae, and certain bacteria (like cyanobacteria)
Compare/contrast food chains, food webs, and energy/trophic pyramids.
A food chain outlines who eats whom. A food web is all of the food chains in an ecosystem. Each organism in an ecosystem occupies a specific trophic level or position in the food chain or web. Producers, who make their own food using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, make up the bottom of the trophic pyramid.
What is the Rule of 10?
To perform energy conversions between trophic levels, you can use the 10% rule by multiplying the energy by (0.10) to move up a level, or multiplying by (10) to move down a level.
Be able to do energy conversions using the Rule of 10 between trophic levels
To perform energy conversions between trophic levels, you can use the 10% rule by multiplying the energy by (0.10) to move up a level, or multiplying by (10) to move down a level.
What is the difference between the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients in the environment? (Do they only flow in one direction, or do they move in a cycle?)
Energy flows in a one-way, unidirectional path through an ecosystem, while nutrients are recycled in a cyclic manner.Energy enters as sunlight, is converted to chemical energy by producers, and is then lost as heat at each subsequent trophic level. In contrast, nutrients like carbon and nitrogen are taken up by organisms, passed along, and then returned to the environment by decomposers, where they can be reused by producers again
How is photosynthesis related to the Carbon Cycle?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food (sugar) and release oxygen. This is a crucial part of the carbon cycle because it moves carbon from the atmosphere into the biosphere, storing it in plants as biomass
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
The formula for photosynthesis is 6CO2+6H2O+light\ energy-rightarrow C6H12O6+6O2.
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water, while the products are glucose (a sugar) and oxygen
Where does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplasts of plant cells
What are the different parts of the chloroplast called?
the outer and inner membranes that form the chloroplast envelope, the stroma (the fluid-filled space inside the inner membrane), and the thylakoids (flattened sacs that are often stacked into grana). The thylakoids contain chlorophyll and other pigments and are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, while the stroma is where the Calvin cycle occurs
What are the 2 reactions of photosynthesis? Where do they take place?
known as the Calvin cycle). The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane within the chloroplast, where they capture light energy to create ATP and NADPH. The light-independent reactions take place in the stroma of the chloroplast, using the ATP and NADPH from the first stage to convert carbon dioxide into sugar
What are the products of the light dependent reaction & the light independent reaction
light-dependent reactions produce ATP, NADPH, and oxygen, while the light-independent reactions use those products along with carbon dioxide to produce glucose. The light-dependent reactions capture solar energy and convert it into chemical energy, while the light-independent reactions use that chemical energy to build sugars
What is another name for the light independent reaction?
clavin-cycle
G3P is a building block of what molecule?
glucose and other carbohydrates like starch and cellulose
What are the two protein pigment complexes called in the light dependent reaction?
What are the two protein pigment complexes called in the light dependent reaction?
What are ATP and NADPH? What are their functions?[Know the high energy vs low energy states for these molecules.]
ENERGY ,carrying molecules crucial for cellular processes, especially in photosynthesis
What is the main energy-rich product of photosynthesis?
glucose
What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
Dehydration synthesis builds larger molecules from smaller ones by removing a water molecule, while hydrolysis breaks down large molecules into smaller ones by adding a water molecule. Dehydration synthesis is an anabolic process that typically requires energy input, whereas hydrolysis is a catabolic process that typically releases energy
Be able to fill in blanks on a diagram of photosynthesis.
look at the paper!!!!
What is a carbohydrate? What is its function?
A carbohydrate is one of the three main nutrients in food that provides the body with energy by being broken down into glucose. Its primary function is to act as the body’s main fuel source, with excess glucose stored in the liver and muscles for later use.
