kvq

Question 1

Supporters of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government.

Answer 1

Federalists

Question 2

Opponents of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government

Answer 2

Antifederalists

Question 3

Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law.

Answer 3

separation of powers

Question 4

Constitutional grant of powers that enables each of the three branches of government to check some acts of the others and therefore ensure that no branch can dominate.

Answer 4

checks and balances

Question 5

Governance divided between the parties, especially when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of Congress.

Answer 5

divided government

Question 6

Power of a court to refuse to enforce a law or a government regulation that in the opinion of the judges’ conflicts with the U.S. Constitution or, in a
state court, the state constitution.

Answer 6

judicial review

Question 7

Formal accusation by the lower house of legislature against a public official, the first step in removal from office

Answer 7

impeachment

Question 8

An informal power; directive issued by a president or governor that has the force of law; direct the bureaucracy

Answer 8

executive order

Question 9

constitutional arrangement in which power is distributed between a central government and subdivisional governments (US states), national and the subdivisional governments both exercise direct authority over
individuals.

Answer 9

Federalism

Question 10

Powers inferred from the expressed powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions.

Answer 10

implied powers

Question 11

Clause of the Constitution (Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3)
setting forth the implied powers of Congress, states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all
powers the Constitution vests in the national government.

Answer 11

necessary and proper clause

Question 12

Clause in the Constitution (Article 1, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect
more than one state or other nations

Answer 12

commerce clause

Question 13

Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and state governments, e.g. power to levy taxes

Answer 13

concurrent powers

Question 14

how (means by which) individuals can express preferences regarding the development of public policy

Answer 14

linkage institutions

Question 15

Widely shared beliefs, values, and norms about how citizens relate to governments and to one another.

Answer 15

political culture

Question 16

consistent pattern of beliefs about political values and the role of government

Answer 16

political ideology

Question 17

collection of people who share a common interest/attitude and seek to influence government for specific ends.

Answer 17

interest group

Question 18

meeting of local party members to choose party officials or candidates for public office and to decide the platform.

Answer 18

caucus

Question 19

election in which any voter may vote to narrow down candidates for party nomination.

Answer 19

open primary

Question 20

election in which only registered party voters may vote to narrow down candidates.

Answer 20

closed primary

Question 21

election system in which the candidate with the most votes wins.

Answer 21

winner-take-all system

Question 22

small political party that rises and falls with a charismatic candidate OR usually persists over time if composed of left or right ideas

Answer 22

minor party, aka third party

Question 23

Weakening of partisan preferences leading to a rise in independents.

Answer 23

de-alignment

Question 24

distribution of individual preferences regarding a given issue or candidate.

Answer 24

public opinion

Question 25

process by which we develop our political attitudes and beliefs.

Answer 25

political socialization

Question 26

system used in electing the president and vice president through voters who vote for electors pledged to cast their ballots for party’s candidates.

Answer 26

electoral college

Question 27

Powers given to the states by the 10th amendment bc they are not given to the national government

Answer 27

reserved powers

Question 28

Voting based on the recent past performance of a party or candidate.

Answer 28

retrospective voting

Question 29

Voting based on what is perceived to be in the citizen’s individual interest.

Answer 29

rational voting

Question 30

Voting based on predictions of future performance of a party or candidate.

Answer 30

prospective voting

Question 31

A member of Congress who uses their judgment to decide how to vote.

Answer 31

trustee model

Question 32

A member of Congress who follows their constituents’ preferences.

Answer 32

delegate model

Question 33

A member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues their constituents care about.

Answer 33

politico

Question 34

The idea that government's power comes from the consent of the governed.

Answer 34

popular sovereignty

Question 35

A political system with restrictions on government to protect individual rights.

Answer 35

limited government

Question 36

Rights to life, liberty, and property; main purpose of government is to protect these.

Answer 36

natural rights

Question 37

The belief that elected leaders should represent the interests of the people.

Answer 37

republicanism

Question 38

Agreement to give up some freedoms for protection by the federal government.

Answer 38

social contract

Question 39

Model where no single group dominates politics and organized groups compete

Answer 39

pluralist democracy

Question 40

Model where citizens have the power to directly decide on policy.

Answer 40

participatory democracy

Question 41

Model where a small number of wealthy and educated people influence decision making.

Answer 41

elite democracy

Question 42

Establishes that the Constitution and federal laws take priority over state laws.

Answer 42

supremacy clause

Question 43

Federal grants issued to support broad programs, increasing state power.

Answer 43

block grant

Question 44

Federal grants restricted to specific purposes, increasing federal government power.

Answer 44

categorical grant

Question 45

A tactic used by senators to block a bill through unlimited debate.

Answer 45

filibuster

Question 46

Use of federal funding for localized projects to please constituents.

Answer 46

pork barrel

Question 47

belief that justices should defend rights and liberties not explicitly stated in the Constitution.

Answer 47

judicial activism

Question 48

belief that justices should defer decisions (thus policy making) to elected branches of government and stay on a narrower interpretation of the Bill of Rights

Answer 48

judicial restraint

Question 49

The process of adjusting electoral districts by state legislatures.

Answer 49

redistricting

Question 50

Redistribution of seats in the U.S. House based on population changes.

Answer 50

reapportionment

Question 51

The principle of making legal decisions based on past precedents.

Answer 51

stare decisis

Question 52

The presidency as a platform to promote an agenda directly to the public.

Answer 52

bully pulpit

Question 53

The authority of the Senate to ratify treaties and confirm appointments.

Answer 53

advice and consent

Question 54

Prevents government interference with citizens’ religious beliefs.

Answer 54

free exercise clause

Question 55

Prevents government from supporting an official religion.

Answer 55

establisment clause

Question 56

Limits government power to deny people life, liberty, or property without legal rights.

Answer 56

due process clause

Question 57

provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that prohibits states from denying equal protection of the laws to their residents.

Answer 57

equal protection clause

Question 58

gradual process of applying amendments in the Bill of Rights to state and local governments by way of the 14th amendment

Answer 58

selective incorporation

Question 59

an organization, usually representing an interest group or corporation, that raises money (limited) with the goal of supporting or defeating candidates, parties, or legislation

Answer 59

Political Action Committees (PAC's)

Question 60

may raise unlimited funds in support of a candidate or party if they do not coordinate in any way with the candidate or party or donate directly to the candidate.

Answer 60

super Political Action Committees (PAC's), a.k.a "independent expenditure-only committee"

Question 61

longstanding, mutually beneficial relationship between an interest group, congressional committee, and bureaucratic agency devoted to similar issues

Answer 61

iron triangle

Question 62

journalism that focuses on who is winning/ahead in the polls rather than on candidates' policy agenda or debates.

Answer 62

horserace journalism

Question 63

media’s role in setting the political agenda by drawing public and government attention to certain issues

Answer 63

gatekeeping

Question 64

role played by the national media in investigating political personalities and exposing scandals

Answer 64

watchdog

Question 65

Political campaigns that focus on the candidates for office (their personalities and issues) rather than the parties they represent.

Answer 65

candidate centered