L1

Question 1

It is a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected.

Answer 1

Psychological Disorder

Question 2

response that is not typical or culturally expected.

Answer 2

Psychological Disorder

Question 3

Defining Mental Disorder:

Answer 3

Personal Distress
Disability
Violation of Social Norms
Dysfunction

Question 4

interferes with our well-being and with our ability to enjoy our work and relationships.

Answer 4

Maladaptiveness

Question 5

Suffer of experience psychological pain

Answer 5

Subjective Distress

Question 6

Away from the normal

Answer 6

Statistical Deviancy

Question 7

people fail to follow the conventional social and moral rules of their cultural group

Answer 7

Violation of Standard of Society

Question 8

sense of discomfort or unease.

Answer 8

Social Discomfort

Question 9

expect people to behave in certain ways.

Answer 9

Irrationality and unpredictability

Question 10

harming him/herself or others.

Answer 10

Dangerousness

Question 11

Four Characteristics of Stigma

Answer 11

Distinguishing label is applies
Label refers to undesirable attributes
People with the label are seen as different
People with the label are discriminated against

Question 12

Its germ theory of disease, developed in about 1870, facilitated the identification of specific microorganisms that caused syphilis

Answer 12

Louis Pasteur

Question 13

Label is applied to a group of people that distinguishes them from others

Answer 13

Distinguishing label is applied

Question 14

The label is linked to deviant or undesirable attributes by society (crazy people are dangerous)

Answer 14

Label refers to undesirable attributes

Question 15

People with label are seen as essentially different from those without the label, contributing to an “us” vs “them” mentality

Answer 15

People with the label are seen as different

Question 16

People with the label are discriminated against unfairly (living together in a same neighborhood with crazy people is a big no for others)

Answer 16

People with label are discriminated against

Question 17

describes behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment

Answer 17

Mental Disorder

Question 18

the scientific study of psychological disorders.

Answer 18

Psychopathology

Question 19

clinical and counseling psychologists, psychiatrists, psychiatric social workers, and psychiatric nurses, as well as marriage and family therapists and mental health counselors

Answer 19

Psychopathology

Question 20

Mental health professional, enhancing the practice

Answer 20

Consumer of science

Question 21

Mental health professional, determining the effectiveness of the practice

Answer 21

Evaluator of science

Question 22

Mental health professional, conducting research that leads to new procedures useful in practice

Answer 22

Creator of science

Question 23

Studying psychological disorders:

Answer 23

Clinical description
Causation (etiology)
Treatment and outcome

Question 24

Presents is a traditional shorthand way of indicating why the person came to the clinic.

Answer 24

Clinical Description

Question 25

represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder.

Answer 25

Clinical description

Question 26

how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder.

Answer 26

Prevalence

Question 27

how many new cases occur during a given period. age onset, symptoms, sex ratio.

Answer 27

Incidence

Question 28

last a long time, sometimes a lifetime.

Answer 28

Chronic

Question 29

likely to recover within a few months, only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time.

Answer 29

Episodic

Question 30

will improve without treatment in a relatively short period with little or no risk of recurrence.

Answer 30

Time-limited

Question 31

Disease or injury that begin suddenly.

Answer 31

Acute onset

Question 32

develop gradually over an extended period.

Answer 32

Insidious onset

Question 33

anticipated course of disorder.

Answer 33

Prognosis

Question 34

individual will probably recover.

Answer 34

Prognosis is good

Question 35

outcome doesn’t look good.

Answer 35

Prognosis is guarded

Question 36

the study of origins, has to do with why a disorder begins (what causes it) and includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions

Answer 36

Etiology

Question 37

People increasingly turned to this to solve their problems.

Answer 37

magic and sorcery

Question 38

was seen as the work of the devil and witches.

Answer 38

Psychological disorders

Question 39

in which various religious rituals were performed in an effort to rid the victim of evil spirits.

Answer 39

Exorcism

Question 40

was a natural phenomenon, caused by mental or emotional stress, and that it was curable.

Answer 40

Insanity

Question 41

Common treatments for insanity was:

Answer 41

rest, sleep, and a healthy and happy environment. Other treatments included baths, ointments, and various potions.

Question 42

also suggested that the disease of melancholy (depression) was the source of some bizarre behavior, rather than demons.

Answer 42

Nicholas Oresme

Question 43

sufferer is largely responsible for the disorder, which might well be a punishment for

Answer 43

Evil deeds

Question 44

largely responsible for the disorder, which might well be a punishment for evil deeds

Answer 44

Sufferer

Question 45

is not always connected with sin but may be seen as involuntary and the possessed individual as blameless.

Answer 45

Possession

Question 46

if failed, some authorities thought that steps were necessary to make the body uninhabitable by evil spirits, and many people were subjected to confinement, beatings, and other forms of torture

Answer 46

Exorcism

Question 47

hanging people over a pit full of this is once used as a treatment

Answer 47

Poisonous snake

Question 48

large-scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior

Answer 48

Mass hysteria

Question 49

large-scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior. One reasonable guess was reaction to insect bites.

Answer 49

Mass hysteria

Question 50

a Swiss physician, rejected notions of possession by the devil, instead that the movements of the moon and stars had profound effects on people’s psychological functioning.

Answer 50

Paracelsus

Question 51

who hold that their behavior and the major events in their lives can be predicted by their day-to-day relationship to the position of the planets.

Answer 51

Astrology

Question 52

suggested that psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease.

Answer 52

Hippocrates and Galen

Question 53

Suggested that psychological disorders might also be caused by brain pathology or head trauma and could be influenced by heredity (genetics).

Answer 53

Hippocrates and Galen

Question 54

blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm. believed that disease resulted from too much or too little of one of the humors; for example, too much black bile was thought to cause melancholia (depression).

Answer 54

Humoral Theory

Question 55

a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain, causing delusions (grandeur and persecution)

Answer 55

Syphilis

Question 56

connections were established. Eventually cured using penicillin.

Answer 56

General Paresis and Syphilis

Question 57

said that causes of insanity were always physical, therefore, treat mentally ill patients as physically ill.

Answer 57

John P. Grey

Question 58

injecting insulin until convulsion.

Answer 58

Insulin Shock Therapy (Manfred Sakel)

Question 59

accidentally found that mild electric shocks to the head caused brief memory loss & convulsions.

Answer 59

Benjamin Franklin

Question 60

This people in Italy applied shocks to the brain → patient with depression recovered (ECT)

Answer 60

Ugo Cerletti & Lucio Bini

Question 61

Ugo Cerletti & Lucio Bini in Italy applied shocks to the brain → patient with depression recovered

Answer 61

ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy)

Question 62

reduced hallucinations, delusions, aggression.

Answer 62

Reserpine & neuroleptics (major tranquilizers)

Question 63

reduced anxiety, widely prescribed by 1970s.

Answer 63

Benzodiazepines (Valium, Librium)

Question 64

Believed that maladaptive behavior caused by social/cultural influences + faulty learning.

Answer 64

Plato

Question 65

Plato believed that maladaptive behavior caused by?

Answer 65

social/cultural influences + faulty learning.

Question 66

Plato: maladaptive behavior caused by social/cultural influences + faulty learning. Treatment:?

Answer 66

re-education through rational discussion (reason over impulse).

Question 67

emphasized role of environment, fantasies, dreams, and cognitions.

Answer 67

Aristotle

Question 68

precursors to psychoanalysis and cognitive science. Advocated for humane care for the mentally ill.

Answer 68

Early Philosophers

Question 69

Worked best in small institutions (<200 patients)

Answer 69

Moral therapy

Question 70

(improved care & access) ironically led to overcrowding.

Answer 70

Dorothea Dix’s Mental Hygiene Movement

Question 71

Belief grew that mental illness = brain pathology, incurable →

Answer 71

Further decline of Moral Therapy

Question 72

Immigrant prejudice → denial of

Answer 72

Humane Treatments